40 CFR 19.1 - Applicability.

Regulations last checked for updates: May 01, 2025

Title 40 - Protection of Environment last revised: Nov 01, 2025

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Table of Contents

§ 19.1 - Applicability.

§ 19.2 - Effective date.

§ 19.3 - [Reserved]

§ 19.4 - Statutory civil monetary penalties, as adjusted for inflation, and tables.

§ 19.1 - Applicability.

This part applies to each statutory provision under the laws administered by the Environmental Protection Agency concerning the civil monetary penalties which may be assessed in either civil judicial or administrative proceedings.

§ 19.2 - Effective date.

(a) The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the third column of Table 1 of § 19.4 apply to all violations which occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where the penalties are assessed on or after January 8, 2025. The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the fourth column of table 1 of § 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after November 2, 2015, where the penalties were assessed on or after December 27, 2023, but before January 8, 2025.

(b) The statutory monetary penalty levels in the third column of table 2 to § 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after December 6, 2013, through November 2, 2015, and to violations occurring after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016. The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the fourth column of table 2 of § 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after January 12, 2009, through December 6, 2013. The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the fifth column of table 2 of § 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after March 15, 2004, through January 12, 2009. The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the sixth column of table 2 of § 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after January 30, 1997, through March 15, 2004.

[90 FR 1377, Jan. 8, 2025]

§ 19.3 - [Reserved]

§ 19.4 - Statutory civil monetary penalties, as adjusted for inflation, and tables.

Table 1 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary penalty provisions of statutes administered by the EPA, with the third column setting out the latest operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels for violations that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties are assessed on or after January 8, 2025. The fourth column displays the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels where penalties were assessed on or after December 27, 2023, but before January 8, 2025. Table 2 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary penalty provision of statutes administered by the EPA, with the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels, as adjusted for inflation, for violations that occurred on or before November 2, 2015, and for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.

Table 1 of § 19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

U.S. code citation	Environmental statute	Statutory civil monetary penalties for violations that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties are assessed on or after January 8, 2025	Statutory civil monetary penalties for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed on or after December 27, 2023, but before January 8, 2025	Statutory civil monetary penalties, as enacted
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1)	FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)	$24,885	$24,255	$5,000
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) ¹	FIFRA	3,650/2,353/3,650	3,558/2,293/3,558	1,000/500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)	TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA)	49,772	48,512	37,500
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)	TSCA	14,308	13,946	5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)	TSCA	11,823	11,524	5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)	PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA)	14,308	13,946	5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)	PFCRA	14,308	13,946	5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)	CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)	68,445	66,712	25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)	CWA	27,378/68,445	26,685/66,712	10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)	CWA	27,378/342,218	26,685/333,552	10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)	CWA	23,647/59,114	23,048/57,617	10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii)	CWA	23,647/295,564	23,048/288,080	10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)	CWA	59,114/2,364	57,617/2,304	25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)	CWA	59,114	57,617	25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)	CWA	59,114	57,617	25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)	CWA	236,451/7,093	230,464/6,913	100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1)(A)	MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA)	1,575	1,535	600
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)	MPRSA	248,851/328,265	242,550/319,953	50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A))	CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO)	18,142/45,354	17,683/44,206	10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B))	CACSO	18,142/226,768	17,683/221,026	10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1))	CACSO	45,354	44,206	25,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1)	ACT TO PREVENT POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (APPS)	93,058	90,702	25,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(2)	APPS	18,610	18,139	5,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b)	SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA)	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A)	SDWA	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B)	SDWA	14,308/49,848	13,946/48,586	5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C)	SDWA	49,848	48,586	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)	SDWA	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)	SDWA	28,619/357,729	27,894/348,671	10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)	SDWA	14,308/357,729	13,946/348,671	5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c)	SDWA	24,885/53,088	24,255/51,744	5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)	SDWA	29,911	29,154	15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c)	SDWA	174,109/1,741,100	169,700/1,697,012	100,000/1,000,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)	SDWA	12,442	12,127	2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c)	SDWA	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)	SDWA	49,848	48,586	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)	SDWA	13,132/131,308	12,799/127,983	5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)	RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992	22,263	21,699	10,000
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)	NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972	47,041	45,850	10,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)	RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)	124,426	121,275	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)	RCRA	74,943	73,045	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)	RCRA	93,058	90,702	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)	RCRA	74,943	73,045	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)	RCRA	18,610	18,139	5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)	RCRA	18,610	18,139	5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)	RCRA	74,943	73,045	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)	RCRA	29,980	29,221	10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)	RCRA	29,980	29,221	10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)	CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)	124,426	121,275	25,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)	CAA	59,114/472,901	57,617/460,926	25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)	CAA	11,823	11,524	5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)	CAA	59,114/5,911	57,617/5,761	25,000/2,500
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)	CAA	472,901	460,926	200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)	CAA	59,114	57,617	25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)	COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA)	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)	CERCLA	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)	CERCLA	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)	CERCLA	71,545/214,637	69,733/209,202	25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)	CERCLA	71,545/214,637	69,733/209,202	25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)	EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA)	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A)	EPCRA	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)	EPCRA	71,545/214,637	69,733/209,202	25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)	EPCRA	71,545/214,637	69,733/209,202	25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)	EPCRA	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)	EPCRA	28,619	27,894	10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)	EPCRA	71,545	69,733	25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)	MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT)	19,942	19,437	10,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)	BATTERY ACT	19,942	19,437	10,000

¹ Note that 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory maximum civil penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L. 95-396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92-516).

Table 2 of § 19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

U.S. Code citation	Environmental statute	Statutory civil penalties for violations after December 6, 2013 through November 2, 2015, or assessed before August 1, 2016	Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 12, 2009 through December 6, 2013	Statutory civil penalties for violations after March 15, 2004 through January 12, 2009	Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 30, 1997 through March 15, 2004	Statutory civil penalties, as enacted
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1)	FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)	$7,500	$7,500	$6,500	$5,500	$5,000
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2)	FIFRA	750/1,100	750/1,100	650/1,100	550/1,000	500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)	TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA)	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)	TSCA	7,500	7,500	6,500	5,500	5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)	TSCA	7,500	7,500	5,500	5,000	5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)	PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA)	7,500	7,500	6,500	5,500	5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)	PFCRA	7,500	7,500	6,500	5,500	5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)	CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)	CWA	16,000/37,500	16,000/37,500	11,000/32,500	11,000/27,500	10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)	CWA	16,000/187,500	16,000/177,500	11,000/157,500	11,000/137,500	10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)	CWA	16,000/37,500	16,000/37,500	11,000/32,500	11,000/27,500	10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii)	CWA	16,000/187,500	16,000/177,500	11,000/157,500	11,000/137,500	10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)	CWA	37,500/2,100	37,500/1,100	32,500/1,100	27,500/1,100	25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)	CWA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)	CWA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)	CWA	150,000/5,300	140,000/4,300	130,000/4,300	110,000/3,300	100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1) ¹	MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA)	860	860	760	660	600
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)	MPRSA	75,000/187,500	70,000/177,500	65,000/157,500	55,000/137,500	50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A))	CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO)	11,000/27,500	11,000/27,500	10,000/25,000	10,000/ ² 25,000	10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B))	CACSO	11,000/147,500	11,000/137,500	10,000/125,000	10,000/125,000	10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1))	CACSO	27,500	27,500	25,000	25,000	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b)	SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA)	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A)	SDWA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B)	SDWA	7,000/32,500	7,000/32,500	6,000/27,500	5,000/25,000	5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C)	SDWA	32,500	32,500	27,500	25,000	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)	SDWA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)	SDWA	16,000/187,500	16,000/177,500	11,000/157,500	11,000/137,500	10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)	SDWA	7,500/187,500	7,500/177,500	6,500/157,500	5,500/137,500	5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c)	SDWA	7,500/16,000	7,500/16,000	6,500/11,000	5,500/11,000	5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)	SDWA	21,500	16,500	16,500	15,000	15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c)	SDWA	120,000/1,150,000	110,000/1,100,000	100,000/1,000,000	22,000/ ³ 55,000	20,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)	SDWA	3,750	3,750	2,750	2,750	2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c)	SDWA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)	SDWA	32,500	32,500	27,500	25,000	25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)	SDWA	7,500/75,000	7,500/70,000	6,500/65,000	5,500/55,000	5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)	RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992	16,000	16,000	11,000	11,000	10,000
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)	NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972	16,000	16,000	11,000	11,000	10,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)	RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)	RCRA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)	RCRA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)	RCRA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)	RCRA	7,500	7,500	6,500	5,500	5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)	RCRA	7,500	7,500	6,500	5,500	5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)	RCRA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)	RCRA	16,000	16,000	11,000	11,000	10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)	RCRA	16,000	16,000	11,000	11,000	10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)	CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)	CAA	37,500/320,000	37,500/295,000	32,500/270,000	27,500/220,000	25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)	CAA	7,500	7,500	6,500	5,500	5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)	CAA	3,750/37,500	3,750/37,500	2,750/32,500	2,750/27,500	2,500/25,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)	CAA	320,000	295,000	270,000	220,000	200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)	CAA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)	COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA)	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)	CERCLA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)	CERCLA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)	CERCLA	37,500/117,500	37,500/107,500	32,500/97,500	27,500/82,500	25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)	CERCLA	37,500/117,500	37,500/107,500	32,500/97,500	27,500/82,500	25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)	EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA)	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A) ⁴	EPCRA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)	EPCRA	37,500/117,500	37,500/107,500	32,500/97,500	27,500/82,500	25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)	EPCRA	37,500/117,500	37,500/107,500	32,500/97,500	27,500/82,500	25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)	EPCRA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)	EPCRA	16,000	16,000	11,000	11,000	10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)	EPCRA	37,500	37,500	32,500	27,500	25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)	MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT)	16,000	16,000	11,000	10,000	10,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)	BATTERY ACT	16,000	16,000	11,000	10,000	10,000

¹ Note that 33 U.S.C. 1414b (d)(1)(B) contains additional penalty escalation provisions that must be applied to the penalty amounts set forth in this Table 2. The amounts set forth in this Table 2 reflect an inflation adjustment to the calendar year 1992 penalty amount expressed in section 104B(d)(1)(A), which is used to calculate the applicable penalty amount under MPRSA section 104B(d)(1)(B) for violations that occur in any subsequent calendar year.

² CACSO was passed on December 21, 2000 as part of Title XIV of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2001, Public Law 106-554, 33 U.S.C. 1901 note.

³ The original statutory penalty amounts of $20,000 and $50,000 under section 1432(c) of the SDWA, 42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c), were subsequently increased by Congress pursuant to section 403 of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, Public Law 107-188 (June 12, 2002), to $100,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. The EPA did not adjust these new penalty amounts in its 2004 Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Rule (“2004 Rule”), published on February 13, 2004, because they had gone into effect less than two years prior to the 2004 Rule.

⁴ Consistent with how the EPA's other penalty authorities are displayed under this section, this Table 2 now delineates, on a subpart-by-subpart basis, the penalty authorities enumerated under section 325(b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. 11045(b) (i.e., 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A), (b)(2), and (b)(3)).

[85 FR 1753, Jan. 13, 2020, as amended at 85 FR 83820, Dec. 23, 2020; 87 FR 1678, Jan. 12, 2022; 88 FR 988, Jan. 6, 2023; 88 FR 89311, Dec. 27, 2023; 90 FR 1377, Jan. 8, 2025]

authority: Pub. L. 101-410, Oct. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 890, as amended by Pub. L. 104-134, title III, sec. 31001(s)(1), Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321-373; Pub. L. 105-362, title XIII, sec. 1301(a), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293; Pub. L. 114-74, title VII, sec. 701(b), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 599

source: 73 FR 75345, Dec. 11, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

cite as: 40 CFR 19.1