§ 136.
(a)
Active ingredient
The term “active ingredient” means—
(1)
in the case of a pesticide other than a plant regulator, defoliant, desiccant, or nitrogen stabilizer, an ingredient which will prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest;
(2)
in the case of a plant regulator, an ingredient which, through physiological action, will accelerate or retard the rate of growth or rate of maturation or otherwise alter the behavior of ornamental or crop plants or the product thereof;
(3)
in the case of a defoliant, an ingredient which will cause the leaves or foliage to drop from a plant;
(4)
in the case of a desiccant, an ingredient which will artificially accelerate the drying of plant tissue; and
(5)
in the case of a nitrogen stabilizer, an ingredient which will prevent or hinder the process of nitrification, denitrification, ammonia volatilization, or urease production through action affecting soil bacteria.
(o)
Insect
The term “insect” means any of the numerous small invertebrate animals generally having the body more or less obviously segmented, for the most part belonging to the class insecta, comprising six-legged, usually winged forms, as for example, beetles, bugs, bees, flies, and to other allied classes of arthropods whose members are wingless and usually have more than six legs, as for example, spiders, mites, ticks, centipedes, and wood lice.
(u)
Pesticide
The term “pesticide” means (1) any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, (2) any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant, and (3) any nitrogen stabilizer, except that the term “pesticide” shall not include any article that is a “new animal drug” within the meaning of section 321(w)
1
See References in Text note below.
of title 21, that has been determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services not to be a new animal drug by a regulation establishing conditions of use for the article, or that is an animal feed within the meaning of section 321(x) of title 21 bearing or containing a new animal drug. The term “pesticide” does not include liquid chemical sterilant products (including any sterilant or subordinate disinfectant claims on such products) for use on a critical or semi-critical device, as defined in
section 321 of title 21. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “critical device” includes any device which is introduced directly into the human body, either into or in contact with the bloodstream or normally sterile areas of the body and the term “semi-critical device” includes any device which contacts intact mucous membranes but which does not ordinarily penetrate the blood barrier or otherwise enter normally sterile areas of the body.
(v)
Plant regulator
The term “plant regulator” means any substance or mixture of substances intended, through physiological action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of growth or rate of maturation, or for otherwise altering the behavior of plants or the produce thereof, but shall not include substances to the extent that they are intended as plant nutrients, trace elements, nutritional chemicals, plant inoculants, and soil amendments. Also, the term “plant regulator” shall not be required to include any of such of those nutrient mixtures or soil amendments as are commonly known as vitamin-hormone horticultural products, intended for improvement, maintenance, survival, health, and propagation of plants, and as are not for pest destruction and are nontoxic, nonpoisonous in the undiluted packaged concentration.
(ee)
To use any registered pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
The term “to use any registered pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling” means to use any registered pesticide in a manner not permitted by the labeling, except that the term shall not include (1) applying a pesticide at any dosage, concentration, or frequency less than that specified on the labeling unless the labeling specifically prohibits deviation from the specified dosage, concentration, or frequency, (2) applying a pesticide against any target pest not specified on the labeling if the application is to the crop, animal, or site specified on the labeling, unless the Administrator has required that the labeling specifically state that the pesticide may be used only for the pests specified on the labeling after the Administrator has determined that the use of the pesticide against other pests would cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment, (3) employing any method of application not prohibited by the labeling unless the labeling specifically states that the product may be applied only by the methods specified on the labeling, (4) mixing a pesticide or pesticides with a fertilizer when such mixture is not prohibited by the labeling, (5) any use of a pesticide in conformance with section 136c, 136p, or 136v of this title, or (6) any use of a pesticide in a manner that the Administrator determines to be consistent with the purposes of this subchapter. After March 31, 1979, the term shall not include the use of a pesticide for agricultural or forestry purposes at a dilution less than label dosage unless before or after that date the Administrator issues a regulation or advisory opinion consistent with the study provided for in section 27(b) of the Federal Pesticide Act of 1978, which regulation or advisory opinion specifically requires the use of definite amounts of dilution.
(hh)
Nitrogen stabilizer
The term “nitrogen stabilizer” means any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or hindering the process of nitrification, denitrification, ammonia volatilization, or urease production through action upon soil bacteria. Such term shall not include—
(2)
ammonium thiosulfate; or
(3)
any substance or mixture of substances.—
2
So in original. Period probably should not appear.
(B)
that was in commercial agronomic use prior to
January 1, 1992, with respect to which after
January 1, 1992, the distributor or seller of the substance or mixture has made no specific claim of prevention or hindering of the process of nitrification, denitrification, ammonia volatilization
3
So in original. Probably should be followed by “, or”.
urease production regardless of the actual use or purpose for, or future use or purpose for, the substance or mixture.
Statements made in materials required to be submitted to any State legislative or regulatory authority, or required by such authority to be included in the labeling or other literature accompanying any such substance or mixture shall not be deemed a specific claim within the meaning of this subsection.
(jj)
4
So in original. No subsec. (ii) was enacted.
Maintenance applicator
The term “maintenance applicator” means any individual who, in the principal course of such individual’s employment, uses, or supervises the use of, a pesticide not classified for restricted use (other than a ready to use consumer products pesticide); for the purpose of providing structural pest control or lawn pest control including janitors, general maintenance personnel, sanitation personnel, and grounds maintenance personnel. The term “maintenance applicator” does not include private applicators as defined in subsection (e)(2); individuals who use antimicrobial pesticides, sanitizers or disinfectants; individuals employed by Federal, State, and local governments or any political subdivisions thereof, or individuals who use pesticides not classified for restricted use in or around their homes, boats, sod farms, nurseries, greenhouses, or other noncommercial property.
(ll)
Minor use
The term “minor use” means the use of a pesticide on an animal, on a commercial agricultural crop or site, or for the protection of public health where—
(1)
the total United States acreage for the crop is less than 300,000 acres, as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture; or
(2)
the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, determines that, based on information provided by an applicant for registration or a registrant, the use does not provide sufficient economic incentive to support the initial registration or continuing registration of a pesticide for such use and—
(A)
there are insufficient efficacious alternative registered pesticides available for the use;
(B)
the alternatives to the pesticide use pose greater risks to the environment or human health;
(C)
the minor use pesticide plays or will play a significant part in managing pest resistance; or
(D)
the minor use pesticide plays or will play a significant part in an integrated pest management program.
The status as a minor use under this subsection shall continue as long as the Administrator has not determined that, based on existing data, such use may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment and the use otherwise qualifies for such status.
([June 25, 1947, ch. 125, § 2], as added [Pub. L. 92–516, § 2], Oct. 21, 1972, [86 Stat. 975]; amended [Pub. L. 93–205, § 13(f)], Dec. 28, 1973, [87 Stat. 903]; [Pub. L. 94–140, § 9], Nov. 28, 1975, [89 Stat. 754]; [Pub. L. 95–396, § 1], Sept. 30, 1978, [92 Stat. 819]; [Pub. L. 100–532, title I, § 101], title VI, § 601(a), title VIII, § 801(a), Oct. 25, 1988, [102 Stat. 2655], 2677, 2679; [Pub. L. 102–237, title X, § 1006(a)(1)], (2), (b)(3)(A), (B), Dec. 13, 1991, [105 Stat. 1894], 1895; [Pub. L. 104–170, title I], §§ 105(a), 120, title II, §§ 210(a), 221, 230, title III, § 304, Aug. 3, 1996, [110 Stat. 1490], 1492, 1493, 1502, 1508, 1512.)