Regulations last checked for updates: Feb 10, 2026

Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space last revised: Dec 19, 2026
§ 31.21 - Loads.

Strength requirements are specified in terms of limit loads, that are the maximum load to be expected in service, and ultimate loads, that are limit loads multiplied by prescribed factors of safety. Unless otherwise specified, all prescribed loads are limit loads.

authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704
source: Docket No. 1437, 29 FR 8258, July 1, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 31-1, 29 FR 14563, Oct. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.
cite as: 14 CFR 31.21