• To : Automated Broker Interface
Subject: BRASSIERE PROVISION- CBTPA
OCTOBER 4, 2001                                                           

TO:         DIRECTORS, FIELD OPERATIONS                                   

FROM:       EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, TRADE PROGRAMS                            
            OFFICE OF FIELD OPERATIONS                                    

PASS TO:    PORT DIRECTORS; ASSISTANT PORT DIRECTORS, TRADE;              
            NATIONAL IMPORT SPECIALISTS; IMPORT SPECIALISTS;              
            INSPECTORS; ENTRY SPECIALISTS; BROKERS AND                    
            IMPORTERS                                                     

SUBJECT:    TBT-01-045 INFORMATION FOR THE BRASSIERE PROVISION            
            OF THE CARIBBEAN BASIN TRADE PARTNERSHIP ACT                  
            (CBTPA)                                                       

BACKGROUND:                                                               

TITLE II OF THE TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2000 ("THE ACT"),            
WHICH WAS SIGNED INTO LAW ON MAY 18, 2000, AUTHORIZED THE                 
EXPANSION OF TRADE BENEFITS TO DESIGNATED COUNTRIES IN THE                
CARIBBEAN BASIN.  THIS TRADE PROGRAM PROVIDES FOR THE ENTRY OF            
SPECIFIC TEXTILE AND APPAREL ARTICLES FREE OF DUTY AND FREE OF            
ANY QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, LIMITATIONS OR CONSULTATION                
LEVELS.                                                                   

INTERIM REGULATIONS ENTITLED "PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF                   
BRASSIERES UNDER THE UNITED STATES-CARIBBEAN BASIN TRADE                  
PARTNERSHIP ACT" WAS PUBLISHED IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ON                 
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2001.  THIS NOTICE SERVES TO PROVIDE                 
INSTRUCTIONS TO IMPLEMENT THOSE PROVISIONS WITHIN THE CARIBBEAN           
BASIN TRADE PARTNERSHIP ACT (THE CBTPA) THAT ESTABLISH STANDARDS          
FOR PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR BRASSIERES IMPORTED FROM CBTPA             
BENEFICIARY COUNTRIES.  THIS NOTICE CONTAINS THE METHODS,                 
PROCEDURES AND RELATED STANDARDS THAT WILL APPLY FOR PURPOSES OF          
DETERMINING COMPLIANCE WITH THE 75 PERCENT AGGREGATE U.S. FABRIC          
COMPONENTS CONTENT REQUIREMENT UNDER THE CBTPA BRASSIERES                 
PROVISION.                                                                

THE PREFERENCE PROVISION IS DESCRIBED IN THE ACT AS:                      
      BRASSIERES CLASSIFIABLE IN SUBHEADING 6212.10 OF THE HTS,           
      BOTH CUT AND SEWN OR OTHERWISE ASSEMBLED IN THE UNITED STATES       
      OR ONE OR MORE DESIGNATED BENEFICIARY COUNTRIES OR BOTH.            
      (9820.11.15)  (19 C.F.R. 10.223 {A}{6})                             

            FURTHER AS PROVIDED FOR IN HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE         
            AND BASED ON PROVISIONS WITHIN THE ACT.                       

            FOR PURPOSES OF SUBHEADING 9820.11.15, IMPORTS OF             
            BRASSIERES OF A PRODUCER OR AN ENTITY CONTROLLING             
            PRODUCTION, DURING THE 1-YEAR PERIOD BEGINNING ON             
            OCTOBER 1, 2001, AND DURING EACH OF THE SIX                   
            SUCCEEDING 1-YEAR PERIODS, SHALL BE ELIGIBLE FOR              
            PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT ONLY IF THE AGGREGATE COST             
            OF FABRIC COMPONENTS FORMED IN THE UNITED STATES              
            THAT ARE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALL SUCH                   
            ARTICLES OF THAT PRODUCER OR ENTITY DURING THE                
            PRECEDING 1-YEAR PERIOD IS AT LEAST 75 PERCENT OF             
            THE AGGREGATE DECLARED CUSTOMS VALUE OF THE FABRIC            
            CONTAINED IN ALL SUCH ARTICLES OF THAT PRODUCER OR            
            ENTITY THAT ARE ENTERED DURING THE PRECEDING                  
            1-YEAR PERIOD.  REFER TO SUBCHAPTER XX U.S. NOTE 2            
            (D) OF THE HTSUS.                                             

RULES OF APPLICATION                                                      

FOR PURPOSES OF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT, THE FOLLOWING              
RULES WILL APPLY:                                                         

 (A) THE ARTICLES IN QUESTION MUST CONFORM TO THE DESCRIPTION SET         
     FORTH IN THE ACT AND MUST BE BOTH PRODUCED AND ENTERED WITHIN        
     THE SAME YEAR;                                                       

 (B) ARTICLES THAT ARE EXPORTED TO COUNTRIES OTHER THAN THE UNITED        
     STATES AND ARE NEVER ENTERED ARE NOT CONSIDERED IN                   
     DETERMINING COMPLIANCE WITH THE 75 OR 85 PERCENT STANDARD            
     SPECIFIED                                                            

 (C) FABRIC COMPONENTS AND FABRICS THAT CONSTITUTE FINDINGS OR            
     TRIMMINGS OF FOREIGN ORIGIN AS DEFINED IN THE ACT ARE NOT TO         
     BE CONSIDERED IN DETERMINING COMPLIANCE WITH THE 75 OR 85            
     PERCENT STANDARD;                                                    

 (D) AN ARTICLE IS CONSIDERED TO BE PRODUCED IN THE YEAR IN WHICH         
     IT REACHES THE CONDITION IN WHICH IT IS SHIPPED TO THE UNITED        
     STATES                                                               

 (E) BEGINNING OCTOBER 1, 2001, IN ORDER FOR ARTICLES TO BE               
     ELIGIBLE FOR PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT IN A GIVEN YEAR, A               
     PRODUCER OF, OR ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION OF, THOSE              
     ARTICLES MUST HAVE MET THE 75 PERCENT STANDARD DURING THE            
     IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING YEAR.  IF ARTICLES OF A PRODUCER OR            
     ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION FAIL TO MEET THE 75 PERCENT            
     STANDARD DURING A YEAR, ARTICLES OF THAT PRODUCER OR ENTITY          
     CONTROLLING PRODUCTION:                                              

        (1) WILL NOT BE ELIGIBLE FOR PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT               
            DURING THE FOLLOWING YEAR;                                    

        (2) WILL REMAIN INELIGIBLE FOR PREFERENTIAL                       
            TREATMENT UNTIL THE YEAR THAT FOLLOWS A YEAR IN               
            WHICH ARTICLES OF THAT PRODUCER OR ENTITY                     
            CONTROLLING PRODUCTION MET THE 85 PERCENT STANDARD; AND       

        (3) AFTER THE 85 PERCENT STANDARD HAS BEEN MET,                   
            WILL AGAIN BE SUBJECT TO THE 75 PERCENT STANDARD              
            DURING THE FOLLOWING YEAR FOR PURPOSES OF                     
            DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT            
            IN THE NEXT YEAR;                                             

 (F) A NEW PRODUCER OR NEW ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION, THAT IS,        
     A PRODUCER OR ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION WHO DID NOT              
     PRODUCE OR CONTROL PRODUCTION DURING THE PRECEDING YEAR, MUST        
     FIRST ESTABLISH COMPLIANCE WITH THE 75 PERCENT STANDARD AS A         
     PREREQUISITE TO PREPARATION OF THE DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE;        
     {19CFR 10.228(C)}, AND BEFORE QUALIFYING FOR DUTY FREE               
     TREATMENT.                                                           

 (G) A DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE PREPARED BY A PRODUCER OR AN             
     ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION MUST COVER ALL PRODUCTION OF           
     THAT PRODUCER OR ALL THE PRODUCTION THAT ENTITY CONTROLS;            

 (H) A PRODUCER WOULD NOT PREPARE A DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE IF          
     ALL OF ITS PRODUCTION IS COVERED BY A DECLARATION OF                 
     COMPLIANCE PREPARED BY AN ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION;             

 (I) IN THE CASE OF A PRODUCER, THE 75 OR 85 PERCENT STANDARD             
     SPECIFIED APPLIES TO ALL ARTICLES OF THAT PRODUCER FOR THE           
     YEAR IN QUESTION, EVEN IF SOME BUT NOT ALL OF THAT PRODUCTION        
     IS ALSO COVERED BY A DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE PREPARED BY AN        
     ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION;                                       

 (J) THE U.S. IMPORTER DOES NOT HAVE TO BE THE PRODUCER OR THE            
     ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION THAT PREPARED THE DECLARATION          
     OF COMPLIANCE; AND                                                   

 (K) PRODUCERS OR ENTITIES CONTROLLING PRODUCTION CAN OBTAIN AN           
     IDENTIFIER NUMBER BY FILING A DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE              

ANY PRODUCER OR CONTROLLING ENTITY THAT HAS ALREADY FORWARDED A           
REQUEST FOR THE NECESSARY IDENTIFIER NUMBER WILL BE RECEIVING THEIR       
NUMBER SOON. AS A RESULT OF THE DELAY IN PUBLISHING THESE REGULATIONS     
AND THE CURRENT RELOCATION EFFORTS OF OUR NEW YORK OFFICES, IT IS         
REQUESTED THAT UNTIL NOVEMBER 1, 2001, THE DECLARATIONS SHOULD            
BE SENT TO:                                                               

        U.S. CUSTOMS SERVICE                                              
        OFFICE OF TRADE OPERATIONS                                        
        RONALD REAGAN BUILDING SUITE 5.3D                                 
        1300 PENNSYLVANIA AVE.  N.W.                                      
        WASHINGTON, D.C. 20229                                            
               ATTENTION: ROBERT ABELS                                    

 AFTER NOVEMBER 1, 2001, THEY CAN BE SENT TO:                             

        U.S. CUSTOMS SERVICE                                              
        OFFICE OF STRATEGIC TRADE                                         
        1 PENN PLAZA TENTH FLOOR                                          
        NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10119                                          
               ATTENTION: MAJORIE DELOACH                                 
                          DIRECTOR                                        

ADDITIONALLY, YOU ARE REMINDED THAT THERE ARE NO VISA                     
REQUIREMENTS OR QUOTA RESTRAINTS APPLICABLE TO BRASSIERES                 
CORRECTLY CLASSIFIED UNDER HTS NUMBER 9820.11.15.                         

IMPORTER RESPONSIBILITIES                                                 

A CBTPA TEXTILE CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN, COMPLETED BY THE                   
EXPORTER, MUST BE IN THE POSSESSION OF THE IMPORTER AND                   
AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST TO U.S. CUSTOMS WHEN THE CLAIM IS MADE.            
THE FORMAT CAN BE FOUND IN 19 C.F.R. 10.224 OF THE CUSTOMS                
REGULATIONS (PUBLISHED IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER DATED OCTOBER 5,           
2000).                                                                    

AGAIN, BECAUSE OF THE DELAY IN PUBLISHING THE NECESSARY                   
REGULATIONS, THERE WILL BE GRACE PERIOD OF APPROXIMATELY THIRTY           
DAYS FROM THE DATE OF POSTING OF THIS NOTICE TO PERMIT IMPORTERS          
TIME TO OBTAIN THE NECESSARY IDENTIFIER NUMBER.  AS SOON AS               
POSSIBLE, BUT NOT LATER THAN NOVEMBER 15, 2001, THE U.S.                  
IMPORTER MUST INCLUDE A SPECIFIC DOCUMENTATION IDENTIFIER                 
ASSIGNED BY CUSTOMS WHEN FILING THE CLAIM FOR PREFERENTIAL                
TREATMENT.  CUSTOMS CONSIDERS A SPECIFIC DOCUMENTATION                    
IDENTIFIER NECESSARY.  THE IDENTIFIER, WHICH IS TO BE NOTED ON            
THE ENTRY SUMMARY OR WAREHOUSE WITHDRAWAL, WILL SERVE BOTH THE            
IMPORTER AND CUSTOMS.  THIS IDENTIFIER NUMBER IS A METHOD FOR             
THE IMPORTER TO INDICATE AT THE TIME OF ENTRY A SPECIFIC BASIS            
FOR CLAIMING PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT THAT EITHER THE 75 OR THE 85          
PERCENT REQUIREMENT HAS BEEN MET IN THE PRECEDING YEAR FOR THE            
BRASSIERES BEING ENTERED AND THUS WILL FACILITATE THE ENTRY AND           
CLEARANCE PROCESS.  THE IDENTIFIER SERVES CUSTOMS AS A MEANS BY           
WHICH CUSTOMS CAN TIE A PARTICULAR ENTRY TO THE FACT THAT A               
PRODUCER OF BRASSIERES OR AN ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION OF             
BRASSIERES HAS MET THE 75 OR 85 PERCENT REQUIREMENT.  THIS IS             
ESSENTIAL IN VIEW OF THE FACT THAT COMPLIANCE WITH THE 75 OR 85           
PERCENT REQUIREMENT MUST BE ESTABLISHED BY A PRODUCER OR BY AN            
ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION WHO MIGHT NOT BE THE U.S.                   
IMPORTER.   THE IDENTIFIER WILL BE REPORTED IN BLOCK 34 OF THE            
CF7501 (VISA FIELD.)  THE IDENTIFIER WILL CONSIST OF NINE                 
CHARACTERS, THE FIRST CHARACTER BEING NUMERIC REPRESENTING THE            
YEAR OF ISSUANCE (I.E. "1" FOR 2001), THEN TWO ALPHAS "CB"                
INDICATING THE CARIBBEAN BASIN AND THEN A SIX DIGIT SERIAL                
NUMBER STARTING WITH A "1" FOR A PRODUCER AND "2" FOR A ENTITY            
CONTROLLING PRODUCTION.  U.S. CUSTOMS WILL ASSIGN THIS NUMBER.            

DOCUMENTATION -- INITIAL DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE                        
{19CFR 10.228 (C)}                                                        

STARTING OCTOBER 1, 2002 RECOMMENDED THAT THE PRODUCER OR ENTITY          
CONTROLLING PRODUCTION FILE FOR A DECLARATION, IT IS OF                   
COMPLIANCE 10 DAYS PRIOR TO OCTOBER 1ST OR 10 DAYS PRIOR TO THE           
DATE OF THE FIRST SHIPMENT OF ARTICLES TO THE UNITED STATES.              
THIS YEAR (OCTOBER 1, 2001 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2002), THE                    
DECLARATION SHOULD BE FILED 10 DAYS PRIOR TO THE DATE OF THE              
FIRST SHIPMENT.  AGAIN, FOR THOSE PRODUCERS OR ENTITIES                   
CONTROLLING PRODUCTION THAT HAVE ALREADY FILED A DECLARATION,             
THE IDENTIFIER NUMBER WILL BE ISSUED SOON.  IF THE DECLARATION            
OF COMPLIANCE IS NOT PROCESSED TIMELY AND THE IMPORTER COULD NOT          
MAKE THE DUTY-FREE CLAIM, THE IMPORTER CAN AVAIL THEMSELVES TO            
THE POST ENTRY PROCESS.  AFTER FILING HAS BEEN COMPLETED,                 
CUSTOMS WILL ADVISE THE PRODUCER OR THE ENTITY CONTROLLING                
PRODUCTION OF THE DISTINCT AND UNIQUE IDENTIFIER ASSIGNED TO              
THAT DECLARATION.  IT WILL BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PRODUCER          
OR THE ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION TO ADVISE EACH APPROPRIATE           
U.S. IMPORTER OF THAT DISTINCT AND UNIQUE IDENTIFIER FOR                  
PURPOSES OF COMPLIANCE.                                                   

VERIFICATION OF DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE                                 

A FILED DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE WILL BE SUBJECT TO WHATEVER             
VERIFICATION CUSTOMS DEEMS NECESSARY.  IN THE EVENT THAT CUSTOMS          
FOR ANY REASON IS PREVENTED FROM VERIFYING THE STATEMENTS ON A            
DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE, CUSTOMS MAY DENY ANY CLAIM FOR                 
PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT BASED ON THAT DECLARATION.  A                      
VERIFICATION OF A DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE MAY INVOLVE, BUT              
NEED NOT BE LIMITED TO, A REVIEW OF:                                      

(I)    ALL RECORDS REQUIRED TO BE MADE, KEPT, AND MADE AVAILABLE TO       
       CUSTOMS BY THE IMPORTER, THE PRODUCER, THE ENTITY CONTROLLING      
       PRODUCTION, OR ANY OTHER PERSON UNDER PART 19 C.F.R. 163;          

(II)   DOCUMENTATION AND OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING ALL ARTICLES         
       DESCRIBED IN THE ACT THAT WERE PRODUCED AND EXPORTED TO THE        
       UNITED STATES AND ENTERED DURING THE PREFERENCE YEAR IN            
       QUESTION, WHETHER OR NOT A CLAIM FOR PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT        
       WAS MADE.  THOSE RECORDS AND OTHER INFORMATION INCLUDE, BUT        
       ARE NOT LIMITED TO, WORK ORDERS AND OTHER PRODUCTION RECORDS,      
       PURCHASE ORDERS, INVOICES, BILLS OF LADING AND OTHER SHIPPING      
       DOCUMENTS;                                                         

(III)  EVIDENCE TO DOCUMENT THE COST OF FABRIC COMPONENTS FORMED IN       
       THE UNITED STATES THAT WERE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE          
       ARTICLES IN QUESTION, SUCH AS PURCHASE ORDERS, INVOICES,           
       BILLS OF LADING AND OTHER SHIPPING DOCUMENTS, AND CUSTOMS          
       IMPORT AND CLEARANCE DOCUMENTS, WORK ORDERS AND OTHER              
       PRODUCTION RECORDS, AND INVENTORY CONTROL RECORDS;                 

(IV)   EVIDENCE TO DOCUMENT THE COST OR VALUE OF ALL FABRIC OTHER         
       THAN FABRIC COMPONENTS FORMED IN THE UNITED STATES THAT WERE       
       USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE ARTICLES IN QUESTION, SUCH AS        
       PURCHASE ORDERS, INVOICES, BILLS OF LADING AND OTHER SHIPPING      
       DOCUMENTS, AND CUSTOMS IMPORT AND CLEARANCE DOCUMENTS, WORK        
       ORDERS AND OTHER PRODUCTION RECORDS, AND INVENTORY CONTROL         
       RECORDS; AND                                                       

(V)    ACCOUNTING BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS TO VERIFY THE RECORDS AND           
       INFORMATION REFERENCED ABOVE.   THE VERIFICATION OF PURCHASE       
       ORDERS, INVOICES AND BILLS OF LADING WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED          
       THROUGH THE REVIEW OF A DISTINCT AUDIT TRAIL.  THE AUDIT           
       TRAIL DOCUMENTS MUST CONSIST OF A CASH DISBURSEMENT OR             
       PURCHASE JOURNAL OR EQUIVALENT RECORDS TO ESTABLISH THE            
       PURCHASE OF THE FABRIC OR COMPONENT.  THE HEADINGS IN EACH OF      
       THESE JOURNALS OR OTHER RECORDS MUST CONTAIN THE DATE, VENDOR      
       NAME, AND AMOUNT PAID FOR THE FABRIC OR COMPONENT.  THE            
       VERIFICATION OF PRODUCTION RECORDS AND WORK ORDERS WILL BE         
       ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH ANALYSIS OF THE INVENTORY RECORDS OF THE      
       PRODUCER OR ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION.  THE INVENTORY          
       RECORDS MUST IDENTIFY THE DATE OF PRODUCTION OF THE FINISHED       
       ARTICLE, WHICH MUST BE REFERENCED TO THE ORIGINAL PURCHASE         
       ORDER OR LOT NUMBER COVERING THE FABRIC OR COMPONENT USED IN       
       PRODUCTION.  IN THE INVENTORY PRODUCTION RECORDS, THE              
       INVENTORY SHOULD SHOW THE OPENING BALANCE OF THE INVENTORY         
       PLUS THE PURCHASES MADE DURING THE YEAR AND THE INVENTORY          
       CLOSING BALANCE.                                                   

IF, BASED ON A VERIFICATION OF A DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE FILED          
UNDER THIS SECTION, CUSTOMS DETERMINES THAT THE APPLICABLE 75 OR          
85 PERCENT STANDARD WAS NOT MET, CUSTOMS WILL PUBLISH A NOTICE            
OF THAT DETERMINATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER.                            

POST ENTRY CLAIMS                                                         

IMPORTERS THAT HAVE ENTERED BRASSIERES AT THE NORMAL DUTY RATES           
THAT COULD NOT MAKE A CLAIM BECAUSE THE IDENTIFIER CODE WAS NOT           
AVAILABLE FROM THE PRODUCER OR THE ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION          
CAN AVAIL THEMSELVES OF ALL AVAILABLE POST ENTRY PROCEDURES WITH          
THE EXCEPTION OF NAFTA 520(D).                                            

ACTION:                                                                   

1) AFTER A PRODUCER OR ENTITY CONTROLLING PRODUCTION RECEIVES             
   THE UNIQUE IDENTIFIER NUMBER, IT WILL BE THEIR RESPONSIBILITY          
   TO PROVIDE THIS NUMBER TO IMPORTERS.  A GRACE PERIOD WILL BE           
   PROVIDED UNTIL NOVEMBER 15, 2001, TO ALLOW FOR IMPORTERS TO            
   OBTAIN THE UNIQUE IDENTIFIER NUMBER.  AFTER THAT DATE,                 
   IMPORTERS MUST SUBMIT THIS NUMBER ON THE ENTRY WHEN                    
   PREFERENCE IS BEING CLAIMED.                                           

2) IMPORTERS THAT HAVE ENTERED BRASSIERES AT THE NORMAL DUTY              
   RATES AND COULD NOT MAKE A CLAIM BECAUSE THE IMPORTER DID NOT          
   OBTAIN THE IDENTIFIER CODE FROM THE PRODUCER CAN AVAIL                 
   THEMSELVES OF ALL THE AVAILABLE POST ENTRY PROCEDURES WITH             
   THE EXCEPTION OF NAFTA 520 (D).  PORTS SHOULD PROCESS THESE            
   CLAIMS PROMPTLY SINCE NO VERIFICATION OF CLAIMS, UNDER THIS            
   PROVISION ONLY, IS COMPLETED AT THE PORT LEVEL.  VERIFICATION          
   OF CLAIMS CANNOT BE DONE ON AN ENTRY BY ENTRY BASIS.                   
   VERIFYING THE VALIDITY OF CLAIMS MUST BE ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH          
   AN AUDIT PROCEDURE.                                                    

INFORMATION:                                                              

IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS CONCERNING THIS ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICE,          
PLEASE CALL SUSAN THOMAS AT (202) 927-3719, OR ROBERT ABELS AT            
(202) 927-1959.                                                           

\S\                                                                       
ELIZABETH G. DURANT                                                       

CC:  EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, FIELD OPERATIONS