22 USC 6445 - Description of Presidential actions

U.S Code last checked for updates: Jul 23, 2026

§ 6445.

Description of Presidential actions

(a)

Description of Presidential actions

Except as provided in subsection (d), the Presidential actions referred to in this subsection are the following:

(1)

A private demarche.

(2)

An official public demarche.

(3)

A public condemnation.

(4)

A public condemnation within one or more multilateral fora.

(5)

The delay or cancellation of one or more scientific exchanges.

(6)

The delay or cancellation of one or more cultural exchanges.

(7)

The denial of one or more working, official, or state visits.

(8)

The delay or cancellation of one or more working, official, or state visits.

(9)

The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States development assistance in accordance with section 2151n of this title.

(10)

Directing the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the United States International Development Finance Corporation, or the Trade and Development Agency not to approve the issuance of any (or a specified number of) guarantees, insurance, extensions of credit, or participations in the extension of credit with respect to the specific government, agency, instrumentality, or official found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title.

(11)

The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States security assistance in accordance with section 2304 of this title.

(12)

Consistent with section 262d of this title, directing the United States executive directors of international financial institutions to oppose and vote against loans primarily benefiting the specific foreign government, agency, instrumentality, or official found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title.

(13)

(A)

the Export Administration Act of 1979;

(B)

the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.];

(C)

the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.]; or

(D)

any other statute that requires the prior review and approval of the United States Government as a condition for the export or reexport of goods or services.

(14)

Prohibiting any United States financial institution from making loans or providing credits totaling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-month period to the specific foreign government, agency, instrumentality, or official found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title.

(15)

Prohibiting the United States Government from procuring, or entering into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from the foreign government, entities, or officials found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title.

(b)

Commensurate action

(c)

Binding agreements

(d)

Exceptions

(Pub. L. 105–292, title IV, § 405, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2806; Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1470(o), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3518.)

cite as: 22 USC 6445