21 USC 372 - Examinations and investigations

U.S Code last checked for updates: Apr 23, 2026

§ 372.

Examinations and investigations

(a)

Authority to conduct

(1)

(A)

The Secretary is authorized to conduct examinations and investigations for the purposes of this chapter through officers and employees of the Department or through any health, food, or drug officer or employee of any State, Territory, or political subdivision thereof, duly commissioned by the Secretary as an officer of the Department.

(B)

(i)

For a tobacco product, to the extent feasible, the Secretary shall contract with the States in accordance with this paragraph to carry out inspections of retailers within that State in connection with the enforcement of this chapter.

(ii)

The Secretary shall not enter into any contract under clause (i) with the government of any of the several States to exercise enforcement authority under this chapter on Indian country without the express written consent of the Indian tribe involved.

(2)

(A)

In addition to the authority established in paragraph (1), the Secretary, pursuant to a memorandum of understanding between the Secretary and the head of another Federal department or agency, is authorized to conduct examinations and investigations for the purposes of this chapter through the officers and employees of such other department or agency, subject to subparagraph (B). Such a memorandum shall include provisions to ensure adequate training of such officers and employees to conduct the examinations and investigations. The memorandum of understanding shall contain provisions regarding reimbursement. Such provisions may, at the sole discretion of the head of the other department or agency, require reimbursement, in whole or in part, from the Secretary for the examinations or investigations performed under this section by the officers or employees of the other department or agency.

(B)

A memorandum of understanding under subparagraph (A) between the Secretary and another Federal department or agency is effective only in the case of examinations or inspections at facilities or other locations that are jointly regulated by the Secretary and such department or agency.

(C)

For any fiscal year in which the Secretary and the head of another Federal department or agency carries out one or more examinations or inspections under a memorandum of understanding under subparagraph (A), the Secretary and the head of such department or agency shall with respect to their respective departments or agencies submit to the committees of jurisdiction (authorizing and appropriating) in the House of Representatives and the Senate a report that provides, for such year—

(i)

the number of officers or employees that carried out one or more programs, projects, or activities under such memorandum;

(ii)

the number of additional articles that were inspected or examined as a result of such memorandum; and

(iii)

the number of additional examinations or investigations that were carried out pursuant to such memorandum.

(3)

In the case of food packed in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or a Territory the Secretary shall attempt to make inspection of such food at the first point of entry within the United States when, in his opinion and with due regard to the enforcement of all the provisions of this chapter, the facilities at his disposal will permit of such inspection.

(4)

For the purposes of this subsection, the term “United States” means the States and the District of Columbia.

(b)

Availability to owner of part of analysis samples

(c)

Records of other departments and agencies

(d)

Information on patents for drugs

(e)

Powers of enforcement personnel

Any officer or employee of the Department designated by the Secretary to conduct examinations, investigations, or inspections under this chapter relating to counterfeit drugs may, when so authorized by the Secretary—

(1)

carry firearms;

(2)

execute and serve search warrants and arrest warrants;

(3)

execute seizure by process issued pursuant to libel under section 334 of this title;

(4)

make arrests without warrant for offenses under this chapter with respect to such drugs if the offense is committed in his presence or, in the case of a felony, if he has probable cause to believe that the person so arrested has committed, or is committing, such offense; and

(5)

make, prior to the institution of libel proceedings under section 334(a)(2) of this title, seizures of drugs or containers or of equipment, punches, dies, plates, stones, labeling, or other things, if they are, or he has reasonable grounds to believe that they are, subject to seizure and condemnation under such section 334(a)(2). In the event of seizure pursuant to this paragraph (5), libel proceedings under section 334(a)(2) of this title shall be instituted promptly and the property seized be placed under the jurisdiction of the court.

(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, § 702, 52 Stat. 1056; Pub. L. 87–781, title III, §§ 307(b), 308, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 89–74, § 8(a), July 15, 1965, 79 Stat. 234; Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 701(f), Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1282; Pub. L. 102–300, § 6(b)(2), June 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 240; Pub. L. 103–80, § 3(dd)(2), Aug. 13, 1993, 107 Stat. 779; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4732(b)(12)],

cite as: 21 USC 372