(a) Failure to comply. If a party fails to comply with an order compelling discovery, the ALJ may issue such orders as are just, including but not limited to, an order imposing appropriate sanctions under this section.

(b) Notice. Appropriate sanctions may be imposed after notice and an opportunity to respond. The notice and opportunity to respond may be in any form directed by the ALJ and may be limited to an oral response during a prehearing conference or hearing.

(c) Types of sanctions. After considering the relevant circumstances and the nature of the violation, the ALJ may impose appropriate sanctions, including but not limited to, the following:

(1) Inferring that the admission, testimony, or other evidence would have been adverse to the party;

(2) Directing that designated facts be taken as established or admitted for purposes of the proceeding in accordance with the claim of the party obtaining the order;

(3) Prohibiting the party withholding discovery from supporting or opposing a designated claim or defense or from introducing designated matters into evidence;

(4) Striking pleadings in whole or in part;

(5) Ordering that the party withholding discovery has waived any objection to the introduction and use of secondary evidence to show what the withheld discovery would have shown; and

(6) Entering a decision or order adjudicating the proceeding, in whole or in part, against the party withholding discovery in violation of a discovery order.