(a) General continuous parameter monitoring requirements. You must install, operate, and maintain each continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) according to paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) The CPMS must be capable of completing a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and recording) for each successive 15-minute period.

(2) At all times, you must maintain the monitoring equipment including, but not limited to, maintaining necessary parts for routine repairs of the monitoring equipment.

(3) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, and validation check.

(b) Temperature monitoring. For each temperature monitoring device, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (b)(1) through (6) of this section.

(1) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a representative temperature.

(2) Use a temperature sensor with a minimum accuracy of 4 °F or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever is larger.

(3) If a chart recorder is used, it must have a sensitivity with minor divisions not more than 20 °F.

(4) Validate the temperature sensor's reading at least semiannually using the requirements of paragraph (b)(4)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section:

(i) Compare measured readings to a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable temperature measurement device or simulate a typical operating temperature using a NIST traceable temperature simulation device. When the temperature measurement device method is used, the sensor of the NIST traceable calibrated device must be placed as close as practicable to the process sensor, and both devices must be subjected to the same environmental conditions. The accuracy of the temperature measured must be 2.5 percent of the temperature measured by the NIST traceable device or 5 °F, whichever is greater.

(ii) Follow applicable procedures in the thermocouple manufacturer owner's manual.

(iii) Request thermocouple manufacturer to certify or re-certify electromotive force (electrical properties) of the thermocouple.

(iv) Replace thermocouple with a new certified thermocouple in lieu of validation.

(v) Permanently install a redundant temperature sensor as close as practicable to the process temperature sensor. The sensors must yield a reading within 30 °F of each other for thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers; within 5 °F of each other for biofilters; and within 20 °F of each other for dry rotary dryers.

(5) Conduct validation checks using the procedures in paragraph (b)(4) of this section any time the sensor exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature range or install a new temperature sensor.

(6) At least quarterly, inspect all components for integrity and all electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic corrosion.

(c) Wood moisture monitoring. For each furnish or veneer moisture meter, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) and (c)(1) through (5) of this section. This paragraph (c) does not apply for lumber moisture monitoring (covered in paragraphs (n) and (o) of this section) to show compliance with the lumber kilns standards in § 63.2241(e).

(1) For dry rotary dryers, use a continuous moisture monitor with a minimum accuracy of 1 percent (dry basis) moisture or better in the 25 to 35 percent (dry basis) moisture content range. For veneer redryers, use a continuous moisture monitor with a minimum accuracy of 3 percent (dry basis) moisture or better in the 15 to 25 percent (dry basis) moisture content range. Alternatively, you may use a continuous moisture monitor with a minimum accuracy of 5 percent (dry basis) moisture or better for dry rotary dryers used to dry furnish with less than 25 percent (dry basis) moisture or for veneer redryers used to redry veneer with less than 20 percent (dry basis) moisture.

(2) Locate the moisture monitor in a position that provides a representative measure of furnish or veneer moisture.

(3) Calibrate the moisture monitor based on the procedures specified by the moisture monitor manufacturer at least once per semiannual compliance period (or more frequently if recommended by the moisture monitor manufacturer).

(4) At least quarterly, inspect all components of the moisture monitor for integrity and all electrical connections for continuity.

(5) Use Equation 1 of this section to convert percent moisture measurements wet basis to a dry basis:

(d) Continuous emission monitoring system(s). Each CEMS must be installed, operated, and maintained according to paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) Each CEMS for monitoring THC concentration must be installed, operated, and maintained according to Performance Specification 8 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B. You must also comply with Procedure 1 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix F.

(2) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each CEMS according to the requirements in § 63.8 and according to Performance Specification 8 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B.

(3) As specified in § 63.8(c)(4)(ii), each CEMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) for each successive 15-minute period.

(4) The CEMS data must be reduced as specified in §§ 63.8(g)(2) and 63.2270(d) and (e).

(e) Continuous opacity monitoring systems (COMS). You must install, operate, certify and maintain each COMS according to the procedures in paragraphs (e)(1) through (7) of this section by the compliance date specified in § 63.2233.

(1) Each COMS must be installed, operated, and maintained according to Performance Specification 1 at appendix B to part 60 of this chapter.

(2) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each COMS according to the requirements in § 63.8(e) and according to Performance Specification 1 at appendix B to part 60 of this chapter.

(3) As specified in § 63.8(c)(4)(i), each COMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of sampling and analyzing for each successive 10-second period and one cycle of data recording for each successive 6-minute period.

(4) The COMS data must be reduced as specified in §§ 63.8(g)(2) and 63.2270(e).

(5) You must document procedures and acceptance criteria for operating and maintaining each COMS according to the requirements in § 63.8(d). At a minimum, the documentation must include a daily calibration drift assessment, a quarterly performance audit, and an annual zero alignment audit of each COMS.

(6) You must operate and maintain each COMS according to the requirements of § 63.8(e). You must identify periods the COMS is out of control including any periods that the COMS fails to pass a daily calibration drift assessment, a quarterly performance audit, or an annual zero alignment audit. Any 6-minute period for which the monitoring system is out of control and data are not available for a required calculation constitutes a deviation from the monitoring requirements.

(7) You must determine and record all the 6-minute averages (and 24-hour block averages as applicable) collected for periods during which the COMS is not out of control.

(f) Pressure monitoring. If you have an operating requirement that requires the use of a pressure monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (f)(1) through (6) of this section.

(1) Install the pressure sensor(s) in a position that provides a representative measurement of the pressure (e.g., PM scrubber pressure drop).

(2) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and internal and external corrosion consistent with good engineering practices.

(3) Use a pressure sensor with a minimum tolerance of 1.27 centimeters of water or a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure monitoring system operating range, whichever is less.

(4) Perform checks at least once each process operating day to ensure pressure measurements are not obstructed (e.g., check for pressure tap pluggage daily).

(5) Conduct a performance evaluation of the pressure monitoring system at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(6) If at any time the measured pressure exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range, conduct a performance evaluation of the pressure monitoring system and confirm that the pressure monitoring system continues to meet the performance requirements. Alternatively, install and verify the operation of a new pressure sensor.

(g) pH monitoring. If you have an operating limit that requires a pH monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) Install the pH sensor in a position that provides a representative measurement of scrubber effluent pH.

(2) Ensure the sample is properly mixed and representative of the fluid to be measured.

(3) Calibrate the pH monitoring system according to the manufacturer's instructions. Clean the pH probe at least once each process operating day. Maintain on-site documentation that your calibration frequency is sufficient to maintain the specified accuracy of your device.

(4) Conduct a performance evaluation (including a two-point calibration with one of the two buffer solutions having a pH within 1 of the pH of the operating limit) of the pH monitoring system at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(h) Liquid flow rate monitoring. If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a flow measurement device, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (h)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment in a position that provides a representative flow.

(2) Use a flow sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 2 percent of the flow rate.

(3) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to upstream and downstream disturbances.

(4) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least annually.

(i) Secondary electric power input monitoring. If you have an operating requirement that requires a secondary electric power monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (i)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) Install sensors to measure (secondary) voltage and current to the precipitator collection plates.

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of the electric power monitoring at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(j) Electrified filter bed voltage monitoring. If you have an operating requirement that requires a voltage monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (j)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) Install sensors to measure voltage to the electrified filter bed.

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of the voltage monitoring at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(k) Combustion unit bypass stack monitoring. If you have a bypass stack in which combustion unit exhaust streams routinely used to direct-fire a PCWP dryer or lumber kiln are temporarily vented to the atmosphere without passing through the direct-fired PCWP dryer or lumber kiln, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (k)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) Install a sensor to continuously monitor an indicator of bypass stack usage such as flow damper position or temperature.

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of the bypass stack monitor at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(l) Process unit bypass stack monitoring. If you have a bypass stack that allows a process unit exhaust stream to temporarily vent to the atmosphere while bypassing a control device routinely used to meet the compliance options in table 1B, 1C, 1D, or 1E to this subpart, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (l)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) Install a sensor to continuously monitor an indicator of bypass stack usage such as flow damper position or temperature.

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of the bypass stack monitor at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(m) Lumber kiln temperature monitoring. Temperature monitors used in lumber kilns must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a), (b), and (m)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) For purposes of complying with dry bulb temperature limits in § 63.2241(e)(3)(i) or (ii), dry bulb temperature monitor(s) must be located in a position to determine the dry bulb temperature of the heated air that exits the lumber.

(2) Facilities complying with the site-specific plan in § 63.2241(e)(3)(iii) must describe the number and location of temperature monitors in the site-specific plan.

(n) Lumber moisture monitoring under hybrid option. The requirements in paragraphs (a), (b), and (n)(1) and (2) of this section apply for lumber kilns using the hybrid temperature and lumber moisture monitoring work practice option in § 63.2241(e)(3)(ii). The lumber moisture content (weight percent, dry basis) must be monitored either within the kiln or at a location after the lumber exits the kiln.

(1) For lumber moisture content measured after the lumber exits the kiln, you must obtain at least one lumber moisture content measurement per either twenty thousand board feet (20 MBF or 20,000 BF) of board lumber produced or per 2,000 cubic feet (2,000 CF) of round lumber produced.

(2) For lumber moisture content measured in the kiln, lumber moisture measurements must be obtained as follows for each kiln type:

(i) For batch kilns with in-kiln moisture monitoring, lumber moisture measurements must be distributed in different areas of the kiln. At least one lumber moisture reading per crib must be obtained.

(ii) For continuous kilns with in-kiln moisture monitoring, lumber moisture measurements must be obtained for each crib of lumber dried.

(o) Lumber moisture monitoring under site-specific plan. The requirements in paragraphs (a) and (o)(1) and (2) of this section apply for lumber facilities monitoring lumber moisture under the site-specific plan work practice option § 63.2241(e)(3)(iii).

(1) The site-specific plan must include a method for monitoring lumber moisture content (weight percent, dry basis) and specify the location of such monitoring within the lumber manufacturing process (for example, at the kiln unloading track, in lumber storage, or at the planer).

(2) You must obtain at least one lumber moisture content measurement per twenty thousand board feet (20 MBF or 20,000 BF) of board lumber produced or per 2,000 cubic feet (2,000 CF) of round lumber produced.