(a) Purpose and scope. This section sets forth the applicable State implementation plan for the State of Washington under section 110 of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q and 40 CFR part 51 to meet national ambient air quality standards.

(b) Incorporation by reference. (1) Material listed as incorporated by reference in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section was approved for incorporation by reference by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The material incorporated is as it exists on the date of the approval, and notice of any change in the material will be published in the Federal Register. Entries in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section with EPA approval dates on or after May 31, 2021, will be incorporated by reference in the next update to the SIP compilation.

(2)(i) EPA Region 10 certifies that the rules and regulations provided by EPA at the addresses in paragraph (b)(3) of this section are an exact duplicate of the officially promulgated State rules and regulations which have been approved as part of the State implementation plan as of May 31, 2021.

(ii) EPA Region 10 certifies that the source-specific requirements provided by EPA at the addresses in paragraph (b)(3) of this section are an exact duplicate of the officially promulgated source-specific requirements which have been approved in the notebook “40 CFR 52.2470(d)—Source Specific Requirements” as part of the State implementation plan as of May 31, 2021.

(3) Copies of the materials incorporated by reference may be inspected at the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Air and Radiation Division, 1200 Sixth Avenue Suite 155, Seattle, Washington 98101; or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call (202) 741-6030, or go to: https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.

(c) EPA approved regulations.

(d) EPA-approved state source-specific requirements.

(e) EPA Approved Nonregulatory Provisions and Quasi-Regulatory Measures.

The Washington plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications:

With the exceptions set forth in this subpart, the Administrator approves Washington's plan for the attainment and maintenance of the national standards under section 110 of the Clean Air Act. Furthermore, the Administrator finds that the plan satisfies all requirements of part D, title 1, of the Clean Air Act.

(a) This section applies to any variance, exception, exemption, alternative emission limitation, bubble, alternative sampling or testing method, compliance schedule revision, alternative compliance schedule, or any other substantial change to a provision of the state implementation plan, granted by the Department of Ecology, the Department of Natural Resources, the Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council, or a local air pollution control agency in accordance with any discretionary authority granted under its statutes or regulations, regardless of whether such statutes or regulations are part of the state implementation plan.

(b) Any change to a provision of the state implementation plan described in paragraph (a) of this section must be submitted by the state for approval by EPA in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 51.104.

(c) Any change to a provision of the state implementation plan described in paragraph (a) of this section does not modify the requirements of the federally-approved state implementation plan or a federally-promulgated implementation plan until approved by EPA as a revision to the state implementation plan in accordance with section 110 of the Clean Air Act.

(a) This section identified the original “Air Implementation Plan for the State of Washington” and all revisions submitted by Washington that were Federally approved prior to March 20, 2013. The information in this section is available in the 40 CFR, part 52, Volume 3 of 3 (§§ 52.2020 to End) edition revised as of July 1, 2012.

(b) [Reserved]

(c) [Reserved]

(a) Terms and conditions of regulatory orders covering regulated NSR pollutants (as defined in 40 CFR 52.21(b)), issued pursuant to WAC 173-400-091 “Voluntary limits on emissions” and in accordance with the provisions of WAC 173-400-091, WAC 173-400-105 “Records, monitoring, and reporting,” and WAC 173-400-171 “Public involvement,” shall be applicable requirements of the Federally-approved Washington SIP for the purposes of section 113 of the Clean Air Act and shall be enforceable by the EPA and by any person in the same manner as other requirements of the SIP. Such regulatory orders issued pursuant to WAC 173-400-091 are part of the Washington SIP and shall be submitted to EPA Region 10 in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 51.326. This includes any local clean air agency corollary approved by the EPA to act in lieu of WAC 173-400-091 or the adoption by reference of WAC 173-400-091 by any state or local agency. The EPA-approved provisions of the WAC are identified in 40 CFR 52.2470(c).

(b) Terms and conditions of regulatory orders covering hazardous air pollutants (as defined in 40 CFR 63.2), issued pursuant to WAC 173-400-091 “Voluntary limits on emissions,” as in effect on September 20, 1993, and in accordance with the provisions of WAC 173-400-091, WAC 173-400-105 “Records, monitoring, and reporting,” and WAC 173-400-171 “Public involvement,” shall be applicable requirements of the Federally-approved Washington section 112(l) program for the purposes of section 113 of the Clean Air Act and shall be enforceable by EPA and by any person in the same manner as other requirements of section 112.

(a) The requirements of sections 160 through 165 of the Clean Air Act are not fully met because the plan does not include approvable procedures for preventing the significant deterioration of air quality from:

(1) Facilities with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the industrial combustion of biomass in the following circumstances:

(i) Where a new major stationary source or major modification would be subject to Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements for greenhouse gases (GHGs) under 40 CFR 52.21 but would not be subject to PSD under the state implementation plan (SIP) because CO2 emissions from the industrial combustion of biomass are excluded from consideration as GHGs as a matter of state law under RCW 70.235.020(3); or

(ii) Where a new major stationary source or major modification is subject to PSD for GHGs under both the Washington SIP and the FIP, but CO2 emissions from the industrial combustion of biomass are excluded from consideration in the Ecology PSD permitting process because of the exclusion in RCW 70.235.020(3);

(2) Indian reservations in Washington, except for non-trust land within the exterior boundaries of the Puyallup Indian Reservation (also known as the 1873 Survey Area) as provided in the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Settlement Act of 1989, 25 U.S.C. 1773,and.

(3) Sources subject to PSD permits issued by the EPA prior to August 7, 1977, but only with respect to the general administration of any such permits still in effect (e.g., modifications, amendments, or revisions of any nature).

(b) Regulations for preventing significant deterioration of air quality. The provisions of § 52.21, except paragraph (a)(1), are hereby incorporated and made a part of the applicable plan for Washington for the facilities, emission sources, geographic areas, and permits listed in paragraph (a) of this section. For situations addressed in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, the EPA will issue a Federal PSD permit under § 52.21 to the new major stationary source or major modification addressing PSD requirements applicable to GHGs for all subject emission units at the source, regardless of whether CO2 emissions resulted from the industrial combustion of biomass or from other sources of GHGs at the facility. For situations addressed in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section, the EPA will issue a Federal PSD permit under § 52.21 addressing PSD requirements applicable to GHGs for each subject emissions unit that is permitted to emit CO2 from the industrial combustion of biomass.

(c) In accordance with section 164 of the Clean Air Act and the provisions of 40 CFR 52.21(g), the Spokane Indian Reservation is designated as a Class I area for the purposes of preventing significant deterioration of air quality.

(d) The regulations at 40 CFR 49.10191 through 49.10220 contain the Federal Implementation Plan for the Kalispel Indian Community of the Kalispel Reservation, Washington. The regulation at 40 CFR 49.10198(b) designates the original Kalispel Reservation, as established by Executive Order No. 1904, signed by President Woodrow Wilson on March 23, 1914, as a Class I area for purposes of prevention of significant deterioration of air quality.

(a) The requirements of section 169A of the Clean Air Act are not fully met because the plan does not include approvable procedures for visibility new source review for:

(1) Sources subject to the jurisdiction of Olympic Region Clean Air Agency;

(2) Indian reservations in Washington except for non-trust land within the exterior boundaries of the Puyallup Indian Reservation (also known as the 1873 Survey Area) as provided in the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Settlement Act of 1989, 25 U.S.C. 1773,and.

(b) Regulations for visibility new source review. The provisions of § 52.28 are hereby incorporated and made a part of the applicable plan for Washington for the facilities, emission sources, and geographic areas listed in paragraph (a) of this section.

(c) The requirements of sections 169A and 169B of the Clean Air Act are not met because the plan does not include approvable provisions for protection of visibility in mandatory Class I Federal areas, specifically the Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) requirement for regional haze visibility impairment (§ 51.308(e)). The EPA BART requirements are found in §§ 52.2500, 52.2501, and 52.2502.

(a) Applicability. This section applies to the Intalco Aluminum Corporation (Intalco) primary aluminum plant located in Ferndale, Washington and to its successors and/or assignees.

(b) Better than BART Alternative—Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission limit for potlines. Starting January 1, 2015, SO2 emissions from all potlines in aggregate must not exceed a total of 5,240 tons for any calendar year.

(c) Compliance demonstration. (1) Intalco must determine on a calendar month basis, SO2 emissions using the following formula:

(i) Carbon consumption ratio is the calendar month average of tons of baked anodes consumed per ton of aluminum produced as determined using the baked anode consumption and production records required in paragraph (e)(2) of this section.

(ii) % sulfur in baked anodes is the calendar month average sulfur content as determined in paragraph (d) of this section.

(iii) % sulfur converted to SO2 is 95%.

(2) Calendar year SO2 emissions shall be calculated by summing the 12 calendar month SO2 emissions for the calendar year.

(d) Emission monitoring. (1) Intalco must determine the % sulfur of baked anodes using ASTM Method D6376 or an alternative method approved by the EPA Region 10.

(2) Intalco must collect at least four anode core samples during each calendar week.

(3) Calendar month average sulfur content shall be determined by averaging the sulfur content of all samples collected during the calendar month.

(e) Recordkeeping. (1) Intalco must record the calendar month SO2 emissions and the calendar year SO2 emissions determined in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.

(2) Intalco must maintain records of the baked anode consumption and aluminum production data used to develop the carbon consumption ratio used in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section.

(3) Intalco must retain a copy of all calendar month carbon consumption ratio and potline SO2 emission calculations.

(4) Intalco must record the calendar month net production of aluminum and tons of aluminum produced each calendar month. Net production of aluminum is the total mass of molten metal produced from tapping all pots in all of the potlines that operated at any time in the calendar month, measured at the casthouse scales and the rod shop scales.

(5) Intalco must record the calendar month average sulfur content of the baked anodes.

(6) Records are to be retained at the facility for at least five years and be made available to the EPA Region 10 upon request.

(f) Reporting. (1) Intalco must report the calendar month SO2 emissions and the calendar year SO2 emissions to the EPA Region 10 at the same time as the annual compliance certification required by the Part 70 operating permit for the Intalco facility is submitted to the Title V permitting authority.

(2) All documents and reports must be sent to the EPA Region 10 electronically, in a format approved by the EPA Region 10, to the following email address: [email protected].

(a) Applicability. This section applies to the Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company oil refinery (Tesoro) located in Anacortes, Washington and to its successors and/or assignees.

(b) Better than BART Alternative. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission limitation for non-BART eligible process heaters and boilers (Units F-101, F-102, F-201, F-301, F-652, F-751, and F-752) follows.

(1) Compliance Date. Starting no later November 10, 2014, Units F-101, F-102, F-201, F-301, F-652, F-751, and F-752 shall only fire refinery gas meeting the criteria in paragraph (b)(2) of this section or pipeline quality natural gas.

(2) Refinery fuel gas requirements. In order to limit SO2 emissions, refinery fuel gas used in the units from blend drum V-213 must not contain greater than 0.10 percent by volume hydrogen sulfide (H2S), 365-day rolling average, measured according to paragraph (d) of this section.

(c) Compliance demonstration. Compliance with the H2S emission limitation must be demonstrated using a continuous emissions monitoring system as required in paragraph (d) of this section.

(d) Emission monitoring. (1) A continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) for H2S concentration must be installed, calibrated, maintained and operated measuring the outlet stream of the fuel gas blend drum subsequent to all unmonitored incoming sources of sulfur compounds to the system and prior to any fuel gas combustion device. The monitor must be certified in accordance with 40 CFR part 60 appendix B and operated in accordance with 40 CFR part 60 appendix F.

(2) Tesoro must record the calendar day average H2S concentration of the refinery fuel gas as measured by the CEMS required in paragraph (d)(1) of this section. The daily averages must be used to calculate the 365-day rolling average.

(e) Recordkeeping. Records of the daily average H2S concentration and 365-day rolling averages must be retained at the facility for at least five years and be made available to the EPA Region 10 upon request.

(f) Reporting. (1) Calendar day and 365-day rolling average refinery fuel gas H2S concentrations must be reported to the EPA Region 10 at the same time that the semi-annual monitoring reports required by the Part 70 operating permit for the Tesoro oil refinery are submitted to the Title V permitting authority.

(2) All documents and reports must be sent to the EPA Region 10 electronically, in a format approved by the EPA Region 10, to the following email address: [email protected].

(a) Applicability. This section applies to the Alcoa Inc.—Wenatchee Works primary aluminum smelter (Wenatchee Works) located near Wenatchee, Washington and to its successors and/or assignees.

(b) Best available retrofit technology (BART) emission limitations for Potline 5—(1) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission limit. Starting November 10, 2014, SO2 emissions from Potline 5 must not exceed 46 pounds per ton of aluminum produced during any calendar month as calculated in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.

(i) Compliance demonstration. Alcoa must determine SO2 emissions, on a calendar month basis using the following formulas:

(A) The carbon ratio is the calendar month average of tons of baked anodes consumed per ton of aluminum produced as determined using the baked anode consumption and aluminum production records required in paragraph (h)(2) of this section.

(B) The % sulfur in baked anodes is the calendar month average sulfur content as determined in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section.

(C) The % sulfur converted to SO2 is 90%.

(ii) Emission monitoring. The % sulfur of baked anodes must be determined using ASTM Method D6376 or an alternative method approved by the EPA Region 10.

(A) At a minimum, Alcoa must collect no less than four baked anode core samples during each calendar week.

(B) Calendar month average sulfur content must be determined by averaging the sulfur content of all samples collected during the calendar month.

(2) Particulate matter (PM) emission limit. Starting November 10, 2014, PM emissions from the Potline 5 Gas Treatment Center stack must not exceed 0.005 grains per dry standard cubic foot of exhaust gas.

(3) Nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission limit. Starting January 7, 2015, NOX emissions from Potline 5 must not exceed, in tons per calendar month, the emission limit determined under paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section.

(i) Compliance demonstration. Alcoa must determine NOX emissions, on a calendar month basis using the following formula:

(ii) NOX emission factor development. By September 9, 2014, Alcoa must submit to the EPA a plan for testing NOX emissions from Potline 5 and developing an emission factor in terms of pounds of NOX per ton of aluminum produced. This plan must include testing NOX emissions from both the Gas Treatment Center stack and the potline roof vents along with measurements of volumetric flow and aluminum production such that mass emissions can be determined and correlated with aluminum production. Within 90 days after the EPA approval of the plan, Alcoa shall conduct the testing and submit the resultant emission factor to the EPA at the address listed in paragraph (i)(5) of this section.

(iii) NOX emission limit. NOX emission limit in tons per calendar month = (the emission factor determined under paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section, in pounds of NOX per ton of aluminum produced) × (5546.2 tons of aluminum per month)/(2000 pounds per ton).

(c) Best available retrofit technology (BART) emission limitations for Anode Bake Furnace #62—(1) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission limit. Starting November 10, 2014, the sulfur content of the coke used in anode manufacturing must not exceed a weighted average of 3.0 percent during any calendar month as calculated in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section.

(i) Compliance demonstration. The weighted monthly average sulfur content of coke used in manufacturing shall be calculated as follows:

(ii) Emission monitoring. Alcoa must test each shipment of coke for sulfur content using ASTM Method D6376 or an alternative method approved by the EPA Region 10. Written documentation from the coke supplier certifying the sulfur content is an approved alternative method.

(2) Particulate matter (PM) emission limit. Starting November 10, 2014, the PM emissions from the anode bake furnaces stack must not exceed 0.01 grains per dry standard cubic foot of exhaust gas.

(3) Nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission limit. Starting November 10, 2014, the anode bake furnaces must only combust natural gas.

(i) Compliance demonstration. Compliance shall be demonstrated through fuel purchase records.

(ii) Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission limit for an approved alternative fuel. Compliance with a Best Available Control Technology (BACT) emission limit for NOX for the anode bake furnaces, established in a Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permit issued pursuant to 40 CFR 52.21 or pursuant to an EPA-approved PSD program that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 51.166, shall be deemed to be compliance with BART for a fuel other than natural gas.

(d) Best available retrofit technology (BART) emission limitations for Ingot Furnace 1 (IP-1), Ingot Furnace 2 (IP-2), and Ingot Furnace 11 (IP-11)—(1) Particulate matter (PM) emission limits. Starting November 10, 2014, the PM emissions from each of ingot furnaces IP-1, IP-2, and IP-11 must not exceed 0.1 grains per dry standard cubic foot of exhaust gas.

(2) Nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission limit. Starting November 10, 2014, each of the ingot furnaces IP-1, IP-2, and IP-11 must only combust natural gas.

(3) Sulfur dioxide (SOX) emission limit. Starting November 10, 2014, each of the ingot furnaces IP-1, IP-2, and IP-11 must only combust natural gas.

(i) Compliance demonstration. Alcoa must demonstrate compliance through fuel purchase records.

(ii) [Reserved]

(e) Best available retrofit technology (BART) particulate matter (PM) emission limitations for the Green Mill. (1) Starting November 10, 2014, the PM emissions from the Green Mill Dry Coke Scrubber must not exceed 0.005 grains per dry standard cubic foot of exhaust gas.

(2) Starting November 10, 2014, the PM emissions from the Green Mill Dust Collector 2 must not exceed 0.01 grains per dry standard cubic foot of exhaust gas.

(f) Best available retrofit technology (BART) particulate matter (PM) emission limitations for alumina handling operations. (1) Starting November 10, 2014, the opacity from the alumina handling fabric filters (21M and 19C) must not exceed 20 percent.

(2) Starting November 10, 2014, the PM emissions from the alumina rail car unloading baghouse (43E) must not exceed 0.005 grains per dry standard cubic foot of exhaust gas.

(g) Source testing. (1) Alcoa must perform source testing to demonstrate compliance with emission limits established in this section upon request by the EPA Region 10 Administrator.

(2) The reference test method for measuring PM emissions is EPA Method 5 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A).

(3) The reference test method for measuring opacity from the alumina handling fabric filters (21M and 19C) is EPA Method 9 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A).

(4) The EPA Region 10 may approve the use of an alternative to a reference test method upon an adequate demonstration by Alcoa that such alternative provides results equivalent to that of the reference method.

(h) Recordkeeping. Except as provided in paragraph (h)(6) of this section, starting November 10, 2014, Alcoa must keep the following records:

(1) Alcoa must retain a copy of all calendar month Potline 5 SO2 emissions calculations.

(2) Alcoa must maintain records of the baked anode consumption and aluminum production data used to develop the carbon ratio.

(3) Alcoa must retain a copy of all calendar month carbon ratio and potline SO2 emission calculations.

(4) Alcoa must record the calendar day and calendar month production of aluminum.

(5) Alcoa must record the calendar month average sulfur content of the baked anodes.

(6) Starting January 7, 2015, Alcoa must retain a copy of all calendar month potline NOX emission calculations.

(7) Alcoa must record the sulfur content of each shipment of coke and the quantity of each shipment of coke.

(8) Alcoa must keep fuel purchase records showing the type(s) of fuel combusted in the anode bake furnaces.

(9) Alcoa must keep fuel purchase records showing the type(s) of fuel combusted in the ingot furnaces.

(10) Records must be retained at the facility for at least five years and be made available to the EPA Region 10 upon request.

(i) Reporting. (1) Alcoa must report SO2 emissions by calendar month to the EPA Region 10 on an annual basis at the same time as the annual compliance certification required by the Part 70 operating permit for the Wenatchee Works is submitted to the Title V permitting authority.

(2) Alcoa must report NOX emissions by calendar month to the EPA Region 10 on an annual basis at the same time as the annual compliance certification required by the Part 70 operating permit for the Wenatchee Works is submitted to the Title V permitting authority.

(3) Alcoa must report the monthly weighted average sulfur content of coke received at the facility for each calendar month during the compliance period to the EPA Region 10 at the same time as the annual compliance certification required by the Part 70 operating permit for the Wenatchee Works is submitted to the Title V permitting authority.

(4) Alcoa must report the fuel purchase records for the anode bake furnaces and the ingot furnaces during the compliance period to the EPA Region 10 at the same time as the annual compliance certification required by the Part 70 operating permit for the Wenatchee Works is submitted to the Title V permitting authority.

(5) All documents and reports must be sent to the EPA Region 10 electronically, in a format approved by the EPA Region 10, to the following email address: [email protected].