Regulations last checked for updates: Jun 01, 2024

Title 40 - Protection of Environment last revised: May 30, 2024
§ 461.30 - Applicability; description of the lead subcategory.

This subpart applies to discharges to waters of the United States and introduction of pollutants into publicly owned treatment works from the manufacturing of lead anode batteries.

§ 461.31 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available:

(1) Subpart C—Closed Formation—Double Fill, or Fill and Dump.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.860.45
Lead0.190.090
Iron0.540.27
Oil and grease9.005.40
TSS18.458.78
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper20.9911.05
Lead4.642.21
Iron16.136.74
Oil and grease221.00132.60
TSS453.05215.47
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(3) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.100.05
Lead0.020.01
Iron0.060.03
Oil and grease1.060.64
TSS2.171.03
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(4) Subpart C—Plate Soak.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0400.020
Lead0.0090.004
Iron0.0300.010
Oil and grease0.4200.250
TSS0.8600.410
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(5) Subpart C—Battery Wash (with Detergent).

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper1.710.90
Lead0.380.18
Iron1.080.55
Oil and grease18.0010.80
TSS36.9017.55
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(6) Subpart C—Battery Wash (Water Only).

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper1.120.59
Lead0.250.12
Iron0.710.36
Oil and grease11.807.08
TSS24.1911.51
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(7) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.000400.00020
Lead0.000080.00004
Iron0.000200.00010
Oil and grease0.004000.00200
TSS0.008000.00300
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(8) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0110.006
Lead0.0020.001
Iron0.0070.004
Oil and grease0.1200.072
TSS0.2460.117
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(9) Subpart C—Truck Wash.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper0.0260.014
Lead0.0050.002
Iron0.0160.008
Oil and grease0.2800.168
TSS0.5740.273
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(10) Subpart C—Laundry.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.210.11
Lead0.050.02
Iron0.130.07
Oil and grease2.181.31
TSS4.472.13
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(11) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.810.43
Lead0.180.09
Iron0.510.26
Oil and grease8.545.12
TSS17.518.33
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984; 49 FR 13879, Apr. 9, 1984]
§ 461.32 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper3.191.68
Lead0.710.34
Iron2.021.02

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.1000.053
Lead0.0220.010
Iron0.060.03

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0390.021
Lead0.0080.004
Iron0.0300.010

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash (Detergent).

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or Pollutant Property Maximum for any 1 Day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper1.710.90
Lead0.380.18
Iron1.080.55

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.00040.0002
Lead0.000080.00004
Iron0.00020.0001

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0110.006
Lead0.0020.001
Iron0.0070.003

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper0.0260.014
Lead0.0050.002
Iron0.0160.008

(8) Subpart C—Laundry.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.210.11
Lead0.050.02
Iron0.130.07

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.580.31
Lead0.130.06
Iron0.370.19

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984; 49 FR 13879, Apr. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30816, Aug. 28, 1986]
§ 461.33 - New source performance standards (NSPS).

(a) The discharge of wastewater pollutants from any new source subject to this subpart shall not exceed the standards set forth below:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper2.151.02
Lead0.470.21
Iron2.011.02
Oil and grease16.8016.80
TSS25.2020.16
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0670.032
Lead0.0140.006
Iron0.0630.032
Oil and grease0.530.53
TSS0.800.64
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0260.012
Lead0.0050.002
Iron0.0250.012
Oil and grease0.210.21
TSS0.320.25
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash (Detergent)—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant Property Maximum for any 1 Day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper1.1520.549
Lead0.2520.117
Iron1.080.55
Oil and grease9.09.0
TSS13.510.8
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0002560.000122
Lead0.0000560.000026
Iron0.0002400.000122
Oil and grease0.00200.0020
TSS0.00300.0024
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.00770.0037
Lead0.00170.0008
Iron0.00720.0037
Oil and grease0.0600.060
TSS0.0900.072
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper0.0060.003
Lead0.0010.0007
Iron0.0060.003
Oil and grease0.0500.050
TSS0.0750.060
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(8) Subpart C—Laundry—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.140.07
Lead0.030.01
Iron0.130.07
Oil and grease1.091.09
TSS1.641.31
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.390.19
Lead0.0850.039
Iron0.370.19
Oil and grease3.073.07
TSS4.613.69
pH( 1)( 1)

1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30816, Aug. 28, 1986]
§ 461.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7 and 403.13, any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the pretreatment standards for existing sources listed below:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper3.191.68
Lead0.710.34

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.1000.053
Lead0.0220.010

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0390.021
Lead0.0080.004

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash—(Detergent)—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant Property Maximum for any 1 Day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper1.710.90
Lead0.380.18

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.00040.0002
Lead0.000080.00004

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0110.006
Lead0.0020.001

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper0.0260.014
Lead0.0050.002

(8) Subpart C—Laundry—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.210.11
Lead0.050.02

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.580.31
Lead0.130.06

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

(c)(1) In cases where battery employee shower wastewater containing concentrations of lead exceeding 0.20 mg/l is combined with process wastewaters prior to treatment, the Control Authority may, for purposes of applying the Combined Wastestream Formula under § 403.6(e) of this chapter, notwithstanding the provisions of § 403.6(e), exercise its discretion and classify battery employee shower wastewater as an unregulated rather than a dilute (FD) wastestream.

(2) Before the Control Authority may exercise its discretion to classify such a stream as an unregulated stream, the battery manufacturer must provide engineering, production, and sampling and analysis information sufficient to allow a determination by the Control Authority on how the stream should be classified.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30816, Aug. 28, 1986]
§ 461.35 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

(a) Except as provided in § 403.7, any new source subject to this subpart that introduces pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the following pretreatment standards for new sources:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper2.151.02
Lead0.470.21

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0670.032
Lead0.0140.006

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0260.012
Lead0.0050.002

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash—(Detergent)—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant Property Maximum for any 1 Day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper1.1520.549
Lead0.2520.117

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.0002560.000122
Lead0.0000560.000026

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.007 0.0037
Lead0.00170.0008

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper0.0060.003
Lead0.0010.0007

(8) Subpart C—Laundry—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.140.07
Lead0.030.01

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper0.390.19
Lead0.0850.039

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operations other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30817, Aug. 28, 1986]
authority: Secs. 301, 304 (b), (c), (e), and (g), 306 (b) and (c), 307 (b) and (c), 308 and 501 of the Clean Water Act (the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977) (the “Act”); 33 U.S.C. 1311,1314,c,e,and, 1316 (b) andc, 1317 (b) andc,and; 86 Stat. 816, Pub. L. 92-500; 91 Stat. 1567, Pub. L. 95-217
source: 49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984, unless otherwise noted.
cite as: 40 CFR 461.33