(a) This source category pertains to carbon dioxide (CO2) that is injected in enhanced recovery operations for oil and other hydrocarbons (CO2-EOR) in which all of the following apply:

(1) You are using the standard designated as CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19, (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as a method of quantifying geologic sequestration of CO2 in association with EOR operations.

(2) ou are not reporting under subpart RR of this part.

(b) This source category does not include wells permitted as Class VI under the Underground Injection Control program.

(c) If you are subject to only this subpart, you are not required to report emissions under subpart C of this part or any other subpart listed in § 98.2(a)(1) or (2).

(a) You must report under this subpart if your CO2-EOR project uses CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as a method of quantifying geologic sequestration of CO2 in association with CO2-EOR operations. There is no threshold for reporting.

(b) The requirements of § 98.2(i) do not apply to this subpart. Once a CO2-EOR project becomes subject to the requirements of this subpart, you must continue for each year thereafter to comply with all requirements of this subpart, including the requirement to submit annual reports until the facility has met the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section and submitted a notification to discontinue reporting according to paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

(1) Discontinuation of reporting under this subpart must follow the requirements set forth under Clause 10 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(2) CO2-EOR project termination is completed when all of the following occur:

(i) Cessation of CO2 injection.

(ii) Cessation of hydrocarbon production from the project reservoir; and

(iii) Wells are plugged and abandoned unless otherwise required by the appropriate regulatory authority.

(3) You must notify the Administrator of your intent to cease reporting and provide a copy of the CO2-EOR project termination documentation.

(c) If you previously met the source category definition for subpart UU of this part for your CO2-EOR project and then began using CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) as a method of quantifying geologic sequestration of CO2 in association with CO2-EOR operations during a reporting year, you must report under subpart UU of this part for the portion of the year before you began using CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 and report under subpart VV for the portion of the year after you began using CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19.

You must report the following from Clause 8 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7):

(a) The mass of CO2 received by the CO2-EOR project.

(b) The mass of CO2 loss from the CO2-EOR project operations.

(c) The mass of native CO2 produced and captured.

(d) The mass of CO2 produced and sent off-site.

(e) The mass of CO2 loss from the EOR complex.

(f) The mass of CO2 stored in association with CO2-EOR.

You must calculate CO2 sequestered using the following quantification principles from Clause 8.2 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(a) You must calculate the mass of CO2 stored in association with CO2-EOR (mstored) in the reporting year by subtracting the mass of CO2 loss from operations and the mass of CO2 loss from the EOR complex from the total mass of CO2 input (as specified in equation 1 to this paragraph (a)).

(b) The manner by which associated storage is quantified must assure completeness and preclude double counting. The annual mass of CO2 that is recycled and reinjected into the EOR complex must not be quantified as associated storage. Loss from the CO2 recycling facilities must be quantified.

(c) You must quantify the total mass of CO2 input (minput) in the reporting year according to paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) You must include the total mass of CO2 received at the custody transfer meter by the CO2-EOR project (mreceived).

(2) The CO2 stream received (including CO2 transferred from another CO2-EOR project) must be metered.

(i) The native CO2 recovered and included as mnative must be documented.

(ii) CO2 delivered to multiple CO2-EOR projects must be allocated among those CO2-EOR projects.

(3) The sum of the quantities of allocated CO2 must not exceed the total quantities of CO2 received.

(d) You must calculate the total mass of CO2 from project operations (mloss operations) in the reporting year as specified in equation 2 to this paragraph (d).

You must use the applicable monitoring and quality assurance requirements set forth in Clause 6.2 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

Whenever the value of a parameter is unavailable or the quality assurance procedures set forth in § 98.484 cannot be followed, you must follow the procedures set forth in Clause 9.2 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

In addition to the information required by § 98.3(c), the annual report shall contain the following information, as applicable:

(a) The annual quantity of associated storage in metric tons of CO2 (mstored).

(b) The density of CO2 if volumetric units are converted to mass in order to be reported for annual quantity of CO2 stored.

(c) The annual quantity of CO2 input (minput) and the information in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) The annual total mass of CO2 received at the custody transfer meter by the CO2-EOR project, including CO2 transferred from another CO2-EOR project (mreceived).

(2) The annual mass of native CO2 produced and captured in the CO2-EOR project (mnative).

(d) The annual mass of CO2 that is recycled and reinjected into the EOR complex.

(e) The annual total mass of CO2 loss from project operations (mloss operations), and the information in paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) Loss of CO2 due to leakage from production, handling, and recycling CO2-EOR facilities (infrastructure including wellheads) (mloss leakage facilities).

(2) Loss of CO2 from venting/flaring from production operations (mloss vent/flare).

(3) Loss of CO2 due to entrainment within produced gas/oil/water when this CO2 is not separated and reinjected (mloss entrained).

(4) Loss of CO2 due to any transfer of CO2 outside the CO2-EOR project (mloss transfer).

(f) The total mass of CO2 loss from the EOR complex (mloss EOR complex).

(g) Annual documentation that contains the following components as described in Clause 4.4 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7):

(1) The formulas used to quantify the annual mass of associated storage, including the mass of CO2 delivered to the CO2-EOR project and losses during the period covered by the documentation (see Clause 8 and Annex B of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)).

(2) The methods used to estimate missing data and the amounts estimated as described in Clause 9.2 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(3) The approach and method for quantification utilized by the operator, including accuracy, precision, and uncertainties (see Clause 8 and Annex B of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)).

(4) A statement describing the nature of validation or verification including the date of review, process, findings, and responsible person or entity.

(5) Source of each CO2 stream quantified as associated storage (see Clause 8.3 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)).

(6) A description of the procedures used to detect and characterize the total CO2 leakage from the EOR complex.

(7) If only the mass of anthropogenic CO2 is considered for mstored, a description of the derivation and application of anthropogenic CO2 allocation ratios for all the terms described in Clauses 8.1 to 8.4.6 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(8) Any documentation provided by a qualified independent engineer or geologist, who certifies that the documentation provided, including the mass balance calculations as well as information regarding monitoring and containment assurance, is accurate and complete.

(h) Any changes made within the reporting year to containment assurance and monitoring approaches and procedures in the EOR operations management plan.

You must follow the record retention requirements specified by § 98.3(g). In addition to the records required by § 98.3(g), you must comply with the record retention requirements in Clause 9.1 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(a) You must prepare and update, as necessary, a general EOR operations management plan that provides a description of the EOR complex and engineered system (see Clause 4.3(a) of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)), establishes that the EOR complex is adequate to provide safe, long-term containment of CO2, and includes site-specific and other information including:

(1) Geologic characterization of the EOR complex.

(2) A description of the facilities within the CO2-EOR project.

(3) A description of all wells and other engineered features in the CO2-EOR project.

(4) The operations history of the project reservoir.

(5) The information set forth in Clauses 5 and 6 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(b) You must prepare initial documentation at the beginning of the quantification period, and include the following as described in the EOR operations management plan:

(1) A description of the EOR complex and engineered systems (see Clause 5 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)).

(2) The initial containment assurance (see Clause 6.1.2 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)).

(3) The monitoring program (see Clause 6.2 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)).

(4) The quantification method to be used (see Clause 8 and Annex B of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)).

(5) The total mass of previously injected CO2 (if any) within the EOR complex at the beginning of the CO2-EOR project (see Clause 8.5 and Annex B of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7)).

(c) The EOR operation management plan in paragraph (a) of this section and initial documentation in paragraph (b) of this section must be submitted to the Administrator with the annual report covering the first reporting year that the facility reports under this subpart. In addition, any documentation provided by a qualified independent engineer or geologist, who certifies that the documentation provided is accurate and complete, must also be provided to the Administrator.

(d) If the EOR operations management plan is updated, the updated EOR management plan must be submitted to the Administrator with the annual report covering the first reporting year for which the updated EOR operation management plan is applicable.

Except as provided in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, all terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part.

Additional terms and definitions are provided in Clause 3 of CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:19 (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).