(a) This source category consists of anaerobic processes used to treat industrial wastewater and industrial wastewater treatment sludge at facilities that perform the operations listed in this paragraph.

(1) Pulp and paper manufacturing.

(2) Food processing.

(3) Ethanol production.

(4) Petroleum refining.

(b) An anaerobic process is a procedure in which organic matter in wastewater, wastewater treatment sludge, or other material is degraded by micro-organisms in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the generation of CO2 and CH4. This source category consists of the following: anaerobic reactors, anaerobic lagoons, anaerobic sludge digesters, and biogas destruction devices (for example, burners, boilers, turbines, flares, or other devices).

(1) An anaerobic reactor is an enclosed vessel used for anaerobic wastewater treatment (e.g., upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, fixed film).

(2) Ananaerobic sludge digester is an enclosed vessel in which wastewater treatment sludge is degraded anaerobically.

(3) Ananaerobic lagoon is a lined or unlined earthen basin used for wastewater treatment, in which oxygen is absent throughout the depth of the basin, except for a shallow surface zone. Anaerobic lagoons are not equipped with surface aerators. Anaerobic lagoons are classified as deep (depth more than 2 meters) or shallow (depth less than 2 meters).

(c) This source category does not include municipal wastewater treatment plants or separate treatment of sanitary wastewater at industrial sites.

You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility meets all of the conditions under paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section:

(a) Petroleum refineries and pulp and paper manufacturing. (1) The facility is subject to reporting under subpart Y of this part (Petroleum Refineries) or subpart AA of this part (Pulp and Paper Manufacturing).

(2) The facility meets the requirements of either § 98.2(a)(1) or (2).

(3) The facility operates an anaerobic process to treat industrial wastewater and/or industrial wastewater treatment sludge.

(b) Ethanol production and food processing facilities. (1) The facility performs an ethanol production or food processing operation, as defined in § 98.358 of this subpart.

(2) The facility meets the requirements of § 98.2(a)(2).

(3) The facility operates an anaerobic process to treat industrial wastewater and/or industrial wastewater treatment sludge.

(a) You must report CH4 generation, CH4 emissions, and CH4 recovered from treatment of industrial wastewater at each anaerobic lagoon and anaerobic reactor.

(b) You must report CH4 emissions and CH4 recovered from each anaerobic sludge digester.

(c) You must report CH4 emissions and CH4 destruction resulting from each biogas collection and biogas destruction device.

(d) You must report under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from each stationary combustion unit associated with the biogas destruction device, if present, by following the requirements of subpart C of this part.

(a) For each anaerobic reactor and anaerobic lagoon, estimate the annual mass of CH4 generated according to the applicable requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(2) of this section.

(1) If you measure the concentration of organic material entering the anaerobic reactors or anaerobic lagoon using methods for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD), then estimate annual mass of CH4 generated using Equation II-1 of this section.

(2) If you measure the concentration of organic material entering an anaerobic reactor or anaerobic lagoon using methods for the determination of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), then estimate annual mass of CH4 generated using Equation II-2 of this section.

(b) For each anaerobic reactor and anaerobic lagoon from which biogas is not recovered, estimate annual CH4 emissions using Equation II-3 of this section.

(c) For each anaerobic sludge digester, anaerobic reactor, or anaerobic lagoon from which some biogas is recovered, estimate the annual mass of CH4 recovered according to the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section. To estimate the annual mass of CH4 recovered, you must continuously monitor biogas flow rate and determine the volume of biogas each week and the cumulative volume of biogas each year that is collected and routed to a destruction device as specified in § 98.354(h). If the gas flow meter is not equipped with automatic correction for temperature, pressure, or, if necessary, moisture content, you must determine these parameters as specified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section.

(1) If you continuously monitor CH4 concentration (and if necessary, temperature, pressure, and moisture content required as specified in § 98.354(f)) of the biogas that is collected and routed to a destruction device using a monitoring meter specifically for CH4 gas, as specified in § 98.354(g), you must use this monitoring system and calculate the quantity of CH4 recovered for destruction using Equation II-4 of this section. A fully integrated system that directly reports CH4 quantity requires only the summing of results of all monitoring periods for a given year.

(2) If you do not continuously monitor CH4 concentration according to paragraph (c)(1) of this section, you must determine the CH4 concentration, temperature, pressure, and, if necessary, moisture content of the biogas that is collected and routed to a destruction device according to the requirements in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(ii) of this section and calculate the quantity of CH4 recovered for destruction using Equation II-4 of this section.

(i) Determine the CH4 concentration in the biogas that is collected and routed to a destruction device in a location near or representative of the location of the gas flow meter at least once each calendar week; if only one measurement is made each calendar week, there must be least three days between measurements. For a given calendar week, you are not required to determine CH4 concentration if the cumulative volume of biogas for that calendar week, determined as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, is zero.

(ii) If the gas flow meter is not equipped with automatic correction for temperature, pressure, or, if necessary, moisture content:

(A) Determine the temperature and pressure in the biogas that is collected and routed to a destruction device in a location near or representative of the location of the gas flow meter at least once each calendar week; if only one measurement is made each calendar week, there must be at least three days between measurements.

(B) If the CH4 concentration is determined on a dry basis and biogas flow is determined on a wet basis, or CH4 concentration is determined on a wet basis and biogas flow is determined on a dry basis, and the flow meter does not automatically correct for moisture content, determine the moisture content in the biogas that is collected and routed to a destruction device in a location near or representative of the location of the gas flow meter at least once each calendar week that the cumulative biogas flow measured as specified in § 98.354(h) is greater than zero; if only one measurement is made each calendar week, there must be at least three days between measurements.

(d) For each anaerobic sludge digester, anaerobic reactor, or anaerobic lagoon from which some quantity of biogas is recovered, you must estimate both the annual mass of CH4 that is generated, but not recovered, according to paragraph (d)(1) of this section and the annual mass of CH4 emitted according to paragraph (d)(2) of this section.

(1) Estimate the annual mass of CH4 that is generated, but not recovered, using Equation II-5 of this section.

(2) For each anaerobic sludge digester, anaerobic reactor, or anaerobic lagoon from which some quantity of biogas is recovered, estimate the annual mass of CH4 emitted using Equation II-6 of this section.

(e) Estimate the total mass of CH4 emitted from all anaerobic processes from which biogas is not recovered (calculated in Eq. II-3) and all anaerobic processes from which some biogas is recovered (calculated in Equation II-6) using Equation II-7 of this section.

(a) For calendar year 2011 monitoring, the facility may submit a request to the Administrator to use one or more best available monitoring methods as listed in § 98.3(d)(1)(i) through (iv). The request must be submitted no later than October 12, 2010 and must contain the information in § 98.3(d)(2)(ii). To obtain approval, the request must demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that it is not reasonably feasible to acquire, install, and operate a required piece of monitoring equipment by January 1, 2011. The use of best available monitoring methods will not be approved beyond December 31, 2011.

(b) You must determine the concentration of organic material in wastewater treated anaerobically using analytical methods for COD or BOD5 specified in 40 CFR 136.3 Table 1B. For the purpose of determining concentrations of wastewater influent to the anaerobic wastewater treatment process, samples may be diluted to the concentration range of the approved method, but the calculated concentration of the undiluted wastewater must be used for calculations and reporting required by this subpart.

(c) You must collect samples representing wastewater influent to the anaerobic wastewater treatment process, following all preliminary and primary treatment steps (e.g., after grit removal, primary clarification, oil-water separation, dissolved air flotation, or similar solids and oil separation processes). You must collect and analyze samples for COD or BOD5 concentration at least once each calendar week that the anaerobic wastewater treatment process is operating; if only one measurement is made each calendar week, there must be at least three days between measurements. You must collect a sample that represents the average COD or BOD5 concentration of the waste stream over a 24-hour sampling period. You must collect a minimum of four sample aliquots per 24-hour period and composite the aliquots for analysis. Collect a flow-proportional composite sample (either constant time interval between samples with sample volume proportional to stream flow, or constant sample volume with time interval between samples proportional to stream flow). Follow sampling procedures and techniques presented in Chapter 5, Sampling, of the “NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual,” (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) or Section 7.1.3, Sample Collection Methods, of the “U.S. EPA NPDES Permit Writers' Manual,” (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(d) You must measure the flowrate of wastewater entering anaerobic wastewater treatment process at least once each calendar week that the process is operating; if only one measurement is made each calendar week, there must be at least three days between measurements. You must measure the flowrate for the 24-hour period for which you collect samples analyzed for COD or BOD5 concentration. The flow measurement location must correspond to the location used to collect samples analyzed for COD or BOD5 concentration. You must measure the flowrate using one of the methods specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(5) of this section or as specified by the manufacturer.

(1) ASME MFC-3M-2004 Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(2) ASME MFC-5M-1985 (Reaffirmed 1994) Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Transit-Time Ultrasonic Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(3) ASME MFC-16-2007 Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits with Electromagnetic Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(4) ASTM D1941-91 (Reapproved 2007) Standard Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurement of Water with the Parshall Flume, approved June 15, 2007, (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(5) ASTM D5614-94 (Reapproved 2008) Standard Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurement of Water with Broad-Crested Weirs, approved October 1, 2008, (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(e) All wastewater flow measurement devices must be calibrated prior to the first year of reporting and recalibrated either biennially (every 2 years) or at the minimum frequency specified by the manufacturer. Wastewater flow measurement devices must be calibrated using the procedures specified by the device manufacturer.

(f) For each anaerobic process (such as anaerobic reactor, sludge digester, or lagoon) from which biogas is recovered, you must make the measurements or determinations specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(3) of this section.

(1) You must continuously measure the biogas flow rate as specified in paragraph (h) of this section and determine the cumulative volume of biogas recovered.

(2) You must determine the CH4 concentration of the recovered biogas as specified in paragraph (g) of this section at a location near or representative of the location of the gas flow meter. You must determine CH4 concentration either continuously or intermittently. If you determine the concentration intermittently, you must determine the concentration at least once each calendar week that the cumulative biogas flow measured as specified in paragraph (h) of this section is greater than zero, with at least three days between measurements.

(3) As specified in § 98.353(c) and paragraph (h) of this section, you must determine temperature, pressure, and moisture content as necessary to accurately determine the biogas flow rate and CH4 concentration. You must determine temperature and pressure if the gas flow meter or gas composition monitor do not automatically correct for temperature or pressure. You must measure moisture content of the recovered biogas if the biogas flow rate is measured on a wet basis and the CH4 concentration is measured on a dry basis. You must also measure the moisture content of the recovered biogas if the biogas flow rate is measured on a dry basis and the CH4 concentration is measured on a wet basis.

(g) For each anaerobic process (such as an anaerobic reactor, sludge digester, or lagoon) from which biogas is recovered, operate, maintain, and calibrate a gas composition monitor capable of measuring the concentration of CH4 in the recovered biogas using one of the methods specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(6) of this section or as specified by the manufacturer.

(1) Method 18 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-6.

(2) ASTM D1945-03, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(3) ASTM D1946-90 (Reapproved 2006), Standard Practice for Analysis of Reformed Gas by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(4) GPA Standard 2261-00, Analysis for Natural Gas and Similar Gaseous Mixtures by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(5) ASTM UOP539-97 Refinery Gas Analysis by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(6) As an alternative to the gas chromatography methods provided in paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(5) of this section, you may use total gaseous organic concentration analyzers and calculate the CH4 concentration following the requirements in paragraphs (g)(6)(i) through (g)(6)(iii) of this section.

(i) Use Method 25A or 25B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 to determine total gaseous organic concentration. You must calibrate the instrument with CH4 and determine the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon (or as CH4; K = 1 in Equation 25A-1 of Method 25A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).

(ii) Determine a non-methane organic carbon correction factor at the routine sampling location no less frequently than once a reporting year following the requirements in paragraphs (g)(6)(ii)(A) through (g)(6)(ii)(C) of this section.

(A) Take a minimum of three grab samples of the biogas with a minimum of 20 minutes between samples and determine the methane composition of the biogas using one of the methods specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(5) of this section.

(B) As soon as practical after each grab sample is collected and prior to the collection of a subsequent grab sample, determine the total gaseous organic concentration of the biogas using either Method 25A or 25B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 as specified in paragraph (g)(6)(i) of this section.

(C) Determine the arithmetic average methane concentration and the arithmetic average total gaseous organic concentration of the samples analyzed according to paragraphs (g)(6)(ii)(A) and (g)(6)(ii)(B) of this section, respectively, and calculate the non-methane organic carbon correction factor as the ratio of the average methane concentration to the average total gaseous organic concentration. If the ratio exceeds 1, use 1 for the non-methane organic carbon correction factor.

(iii) Calculate the CH4 concentration as specified in Equation II-8 of this section.

(h) For each anaerobic process (such as an anaerobic reactor, sludge digester, or lagoon) from which biogas is recovered, install, operate, maintain, and calibrate a gas flow meter capable of continuously measuring the volumetric flow rate of the recovered biogas using one of the methods specified in paragraphs (h)(1) through (h)(8) of this section or as specified by the manufacturer. Recalibrate each gas flow meter either biennially (every 2 years) or at the minimum frequency specified by the manufacturer. Except as provided in § 98.353(c)(2)(iii), each gas flow meter must be capable of correcting for the temperature and pressure and, if necessary, moisture content.

(1) ASME MFC-3M-2004, Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(2) ASME MFC-4M-1986 (Reaffirmed 1997), Measurement of Gas Flow by Turbine Meters (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(3) ASME MFC-6M-1998, Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Vortex Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(4) ASME MFC-7M-1987 (Reaffirmed 1992), Measurement of Gas Flow by Means of Critical Flow Venturi Nozzles (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(5) ASME MFC-11M-2006 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Coriolis Mass Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7). The mass flow must be corrected to volumetric flow based on the measured temperature, pressure, and biogas composition.

(6) ASME MFC-14M-2003 Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Small Bore Precision Orifice Meters (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(7) ASME MFC-18M-2001 Measurement of Fluid Flow using Variable Area Meters (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

(8) Method 2A or 2D at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1.

(i) All temperature, pressure, and, moisture content monitors required as specified in paragraph (f) of this section must be calibrated using the procedures and frequencies where specified by the device manufacturer, if not specified use an industry accepted or industry standard practice.

(j) All equipment (temperature, pressure, and moisture content monitors and gas flow meters and gas composition monitors) must be maintained as specified by the manufacturer.

(k) If applicable, the owner or operator must document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of measurements of COD or BOD5 concentration, wastewater flow rate, biogas flow rate, biogas composition, temperature, pressure, and moisture content. These procedures include, but are not limited to, calibration of gas flow meters, and other measurement devices. The estimated accuracy of measurements made with these devices must also be recorded, and the technical basis for these estimates must be documented.

A complete record of all measured parameters used in the GHG emissions calculations is required. Therefore, whenever a quality-assured value of a required parameter is unavailable (e.g., if a meter malfunctions during unit operation or if a required sample is not taken), a substitute data value for the missing parameter must be used in the calculations, according to the following requirements in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:

(a) For each missing weekly value of COD or BOD5 or wastewater flow entering an anaerobic wastewater treatment process, the substitute data value must be the arithmetic average of the quality-assured values of those parameters for the week immediately preceding and the week immediately following the missing data incident.

(b) For each missing value of the CH4 content or biogas flow rates, the substitute data value must be the arithmetic average of the quality-assured values of that parameter immediately preceding and immediately following the missing data incident.

(c) If, for a particular parameter, no quality-assured data are available prior to the missing data incident, the substitute data value must be the first quality-assured value obtained after the missing data period. If, for a particular parameter, the “after” value is not obtained by the end of the reporting year, you may use the last quality-assured value obtained “before” the missing data period for the missing data substitution. You must document and keep records of the procedures you use for all such estimates.

In addition to the information required by § 98.3(c), each annual report must contain the following information for each wastewater treatment system.

(a) Identify the anaerobic processes used in the industrial wastewater treatment system to treat industrial wastewater and industrial wastewater treatment sludge, provide a unique identifier for each anaerobic process, indicate the average depth in meters of each anaerobic lagoon, and indicate whether biogas generated by each anaerobic process is recovered. Provide a description or diagram of the industrial wastewater treatment system, identifying the processes used, indicating how the processes are related to each other, and providing a unique identifier for each anaerobic process. Each anaerobic process must be identified as one of the following:

(1) Anaerobic reactor.

(2) Anaerobic deep lagoon (depth more than 2 meters).

(3) Anaerobic shallow lagoon (depth less than 2 meters).

(4) Anaerobic sludge digester.

(b) For each anaerobic wastewater treatment process (reactor, deep lagoon, or shallow lagoon) you must report:

(1) Weekly average COD or BOD5 concentration of wastewater entering each anaerobic wastewater treatment process, for each week the anaerobic process was operated.

(2) Volume of wastewater entering each anaerobic wastewater treatment process for each week the anaerobic process was operated.

(3) Maximum CH4 production potential (B0) used as an input to Equation II-1 or II-2 of this subpart, from Table II-1 to this subpart.

(4) Methane conversion factor (MCF) used as an input to Equation II-1 or II-2 of this subpart, from Table II-1 to this subpart.

(5) Annual mass of CH4 generated by each anaerobic wastewater treatment process, calculated using Equation II-1 or II-2 of this subpart.

(6) If the facility performs an ethanol production processing operation as defined in § 98.358, you must indicate if the facility uses a wet milling process or a dry milling process.

(c) For each anaerobic wastewater treatment process from which biogas is not recovered, you must report the annual CH4 emissions, calculated using Equation II-3 of this subpart.

(d) For each anaerobic wastewater treatment process and anaerobic sludge digester from which some biogas is recovered, you must report:

(1) Annual quantity of CH4 recovered from the anaerobic process calculated using Equation II-4 of this subpart.

(2) Total weekly volumetric biogas flow for each week (up to 52 weeks/year) that biogas is collected for destruction.

(3) Weekly average CH4 concentration for each week that biogas is collected for destruction.

(4) Weekly average biogas temperature for each week at which flow is measured for biogas collected for destruction, or statement that temperature is incorporated into monitoring equipment internal calculations.

(5) Whether flow was measured on a wet or dry basis, whether CH4 concentration was measured on a wet or dry basis, and if required for Equation II-4 of this subpart, weekly average moisture content for each week at which flow is measured for biogas collected for destruction, or statement that moisture content is incorporated into monitoring equipment internal calculations.

(6) Weekly average biogas pressure for each week at which flow is measured for biogas collected for destruction, or statement that pressure is incorporated into monitoring equipment internal calculations.

(7) CH4 collection efficiency (CE) used in Equation II-5 of this subpart.

(8) Whether destruction occurs at the facility or off-site. If destruction occurs at the facility, also report whether a back-up destruction device is present at the facility, the annual operating hours for the primary destruction device, the annual operating hours for the back-up destruction device (if present), the destruction efficiency for the primary destruction device, and the destruction efficiency for the back-up destruction device (if present).

(9) For each anaerobic process from which some biogas is recovered, you must report the annual CH4 emissions, as calculated by Equation II-6 of this subpart.

(e) The total mass of CH4 emitted from all anaerobic processes from which biogas is not recovered (calculated in Equation II-3 of this subpart) and from all anaerobic processes from which some biogas is recovered (calculated in Equation II-6 of this subpart) using Equation II-7 of this subpart.

In addition to the information required by § 98.3(g), you must retain the calibration records for all monitoring equipment, including the method or manufacturer's specification used for calibration.

Except as provided below, all terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the CAA and subpart A of this part.

Biogas means the combination of CO2, CH4, and other gases produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

Dry milling means the process in which shelled corn is milled by dry process, without an initial steeping step.

Ethanol production means an operation that produces ethanol from the fermentation of sugar, starch, grain, or cellulosic biomass feedstocks, or the production of ethanol synthetically from petrochemical feedstocks, such as ethylene or other chemicals.

Food processing means an operation used to manufacture or process meat, poultry, fruits, and/or vegetables as defined under NAICS 3116 (Meat Product Manufacturing) or NAICS 3114 (Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing). For information on NAICS codes, see http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.

Industrial wastewater means water containing wastes from an industrial process. Industrial wastewater includes water which comes into direct contact with or results from the storage, production, or use of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, by-product, or waste product. Examples of industrial wastewater include, but are not limited to, paper mill white water, wastewater from equipment cleaning, wastewater from air pollution control devices, rinse water, contaminated stormwater, and contaminated cooling water.

Industrial wastewater treatment sludge means solid or semi-solid material resulting from the treatment of industrial wastewater, including but not limited to biosolids, screenings, grit, scum, and settled solids.

Wastewater treatment system means the collection of all processes that treat or remove pollutants and contaminants, such as soluble organic matter, suspended solids, pathogenic organisms, and chemicals from wastewater prior to its reuse or discharge from the facility.

Wet milling means the process in which shelled corn is steeped in a dilute solution of sulfurous acid (sulfur dioxide dissolved in water) prior to further processing.

Weekly average means the sum of all values measured in a calendar week divided by the number of measurements.