Regulations last checked for updates: Jun 01, 2024

Title 40 - Protection of Environment last revised: May 30, 2024
§ 81.400 - Scope.

Subpart D, §§ 81.401 through 81.437, lists those mandatory Federal Class I areas, established under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, where the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, has determined visibility to be an important value. The following listing of areas where visibility is an important value represents an evaluation of all international parks (IP), national wilderness areas (Wild) exceeding 5,000 acres, national memorial parks (NMP) exceeding 5,000 acres, and national parks (NP) exceeding 6,000 acres, in existence on August 7, 1977. Consultation by EPA with the Federal Land Managers involved: The Department of Interior (USDI), National Park Service (NPS), and Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS); and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (FS).

§ 81.401 - Alabama.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Sipsey Wild12,64693-622USDA-FS
§ 81.402 - Alaska.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Bering Sea Wild41,11391-622USDI-FWS
Mount McKinley NP1,949,49364-353USDI-NPS
Simeonof Wild25,14194-557USDI-FWS
Tuxedni Wild6,40291-504USDI-FWS
§ 81.403 - Arizona.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Chiricahua National Monument Wild9,44094-567USDI-NPS
Chiricahua Wild18,00088-577USDA-FS
Galiuro Wild52,71788-577USDA-FS
Grand Canyon NP1,176,91365-277USDI-NPS
Mazatzal Wild205,13788-577USDA-FS
Mount Baldy Wild6,97591-504USDA-FS
Petrified Forest NP93,49385-358USDI-NPS
Pine Mountain Wild20,06192-230USDA-FS
Saguaro Wild71,40094-567USDI-FS
Sierra Ancha Wild20,85088-577USDA-FS
Superstition Wild124,11788-577USDA-FS
Sycamore Canyon Wild47,75792-241USDA-FS
§ 81.404 - Arkansas.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Caney Creek Wild14,34493-622USDA-FS
Upper Buffalo Wild9,91293-622USDA-FS
§ 81.405 - California.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Agua Tibia Wild15,93493-632USDA-FS
Caribou Wild19,08088-577USDA-FS
Cucamonga Wild9,02288-577USDA-FS
Desolation Wild63,46991-82USDA-FS
Dome Land Wild62,20688-577USDA-FS
Emigrant Wild104,31193-632USDA-FS
Hoover Wild47,91688-577USDY-FS
John Muir Wild484,6738-577USDA-FS
Joshua Tree Wild429,69094-567USDI-NPS
Kaiser Wild22,50094-577USDA-FS
Kings Canyon NP459,99476-424USDI-NPS
Lassen Volcanic NP105,80064-184USDI-NPS
Lava Beds Wild28,64092-493USDI-NPS
Marble Mountain Wild213,74388-577USDA-FS
Minarets Wild109,48488-577USDA-FS
Mokelumme Wild50,40088-577USDA-FS
Pinnacles Wild12,95294-567USDI-NPS
Point Reyes Wild25,37094-544,
94-567
USDI-NPS
Redwood NP27,79290-545USDI-NPS
San Gabriel Wild36,13790-318USDA-FS
San Gorgonio Wild34,64488-577USDA-FS
San Jacinto Wild20,56488-577USDA-FS
San Rafael Wild142,72290-271USDA-FS
Sequoia NP386,642( 1)USDI-NPS
South Warner Wild68,50788-577USDA-FS
Thousand Lakes Wild15,69588-577USDA-FS
Ventana Wild95,15291-58USDA-FS
Yolla-Bolly-Middle-Eel Wild109,09188-577USDA-FS
Yosemite NP759,17258-49USDI-NPS

1 26 Stat. 478 (51st Cong.)

§ 81.406 - Colorado.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Black Canyon of the Gunnison Wild11,18094-567USDI-NPS
Eagles Nest Wild133,91094-352USDA-FS
Flat Tops Wild235,23094-146USDA-FS
Great Sand Dunes Wild33,45094-567USDI-NPS
La Garita Wild48,48688-577USDA-FS
Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wild71,06088-577USDA-FS
Mesa Verde NP51,48859-353USDI-NPS
Mount Zirkel Wild72,47288-577USDA-FS
Rawah Wild26,67488-577USDA-FS
Rocky Mountain NP263,13863-238USDI-NPS
Weminuche Wild400,90793-632USDA-FS
West Elk Wild61,41288-577USDA-FS
§ 81.407 - Florida.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Chassahowitzka Wild23,36094-557USDI-FWS
Everglades NP1,397,42973-267USDI-NPS
St. Marks Wild17,74593-632USDI-FWS
§ 81.408 - Georgia.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Cohotta Wild33,77693-622USDA-FS
Okefenokee Wild343,85093-429USDI-FWS
Wolf Island Wild5,12693-632USDI-FWS
§ 81.409 - Hawaii.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Haleakala NP27,20887-744USDI-NPS
Hawaii Volcanoes217,02964-171USDI-NPS
§ 81.410 - Idaho.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Craters of the Moon Wild43,24391-504USDI-NPS
Hells Canyon Wild 183,80094-199USDA-FS
Sawtooth Wild216,38392-400USDA-FS
Selway-Bitterroot Wild 2988,77088-577USDA-FS
Yellowstone NP 331,488( 4)USDI-NPS

1 Hells Canyon Wilderness, 192,700 acres overall, of which 108,900 acres are in Oregon and 83,800 acres are in Idaho.

2 Selway Bitterroot Wilderness, 1,240,700 acres overall, of which 988,700 acres are in Idaho and 251,930 acres are in Montana.

3 Yellowstone National Park, 2,219,737 acres overall, of which 2,020,625 acres are in Wyoming, 167,624 acres are in Montana, and 31,488 acres are in Idaho.

4 17 Stat. 32 (42nd Cong.).

§ 81.411 - Kentucky.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Mammoth Cave NP51,30369-283USDI-NPS
§ 81.412 - Louisiana.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Breton Wild5,000+93-632USDI-FWS
§ 81.413 - Maine.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Acadia NP37,50365-278USDI-NPS
Moosehorn Wild7,501USDI-FWS
(Edmunds Unit)(2,782)91-504
(Baring Unit)(4,719)93-632
§ 81.414 - Michigan.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Isle Royale NP542,42871-835USDI-NPS
Seney Wild25,15091-504USDI-FWS
§ 81.415 - Minnesota.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wild747,84099-577USDA-FS
Voyageurs NP114,96499-261USDI-NPS
§ 81.416 - Missouri.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Hercules-Glades Wild12,31594-557USDA-FS
Mingo Wild8,00094-557USDI-FWS
§ 81.417 - Montana.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Anaconda-Pintlar Wild157,80388-577USDA-FS
Bob Marshall Wild950,00088-577USDA-FS
Cabinet Mountains Wild94,27288-577USDA-FS
Gates of the Mtn Wild28,56288-577USDA-FS
Glacier NP1,012,59961-171USDI-NPS
Medicine Lake Wild11,36694-557USDI-FWS
Mission Mountain Wild73,87793-632USDA-FS
Red Rock Lakes Wild32,35094-557USDI-FWS
Scapegoat Wild239,29592-395USDA-FS
Selway-Bitterroot Wild 1251,93088-577USDA-FS
U. L. Bend Wild20,89094-557USDI-FWS
Yellowstone NP 2167,624( 3)USDI-NPS

1 Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, 1,240,700 acres overall, of which 988,770 acres are in Idaho and 251,930 acres are in Montana.

2 Yellowstone National Park, 2,219,737 acres overall, of which 2,020,625 acres are in Wyoming, 167,624 acres are in Montana, and 31,488 acres are in Idaho.

3 17 Stat. 32 (42nd Cong.)

[44 FR 69124, Nov. 30, 1979; 45 FR 6103, Jan. 25, 1980]
§ 81.418 - Nevada.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Jarbidge Wild64,66788-577USDA-FS
§ 81.419 - New Hampshire.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Great Gulf Wild5,55288-577USDA-FS
Presidential Range-Dry River Wild20,00093-622USDA-FS
§ 81.420 - New Jersey.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Brigantine Wild6,60393-632USDI-FWS
§ 81.421 - New Mexico.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Bandelier Wild23,26794-567USDI-NPS
Bosque del Apache Wild80,85093-632USDI-FWS
Carlsbad Caverns NP46,43571-216USDI-NPS
Gila Wild433,69088-577USDA-FS
Pecos Wild167,41688-577USDA-FS
Salt Creek Wild8,50091-504USDI-FWS
San Pedro Parks Wild41,13288-577USDA-FS
Wheeler Peak Wild6,02788-577USDA-FS
White Mountain Wild31,17188-577USDA-FS
§ 81.422 - North Carolina.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Great Smoky Mountains NP 1273,55169-268USDI-NPS
Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wild 210,20193-622USDA-FS
Linville Gorge Wild7,57588-577USDA-FS
Shining Rock Wild13,35088-577USDA-FS
Swanguarter Wild9,00094-557USDI-FWS

1 Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 514,758 acres overall, of which 273,551 acres are in North Carolina, and 241,207 acres are in Tennessee.

2 Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness, 14,033 acres overall, of which 10,201 acres are in North Carolina, and 3,832 acres are in Tennessee.

§ 81.423 - North Dakota.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Lostwood Wild5,55793-632USDI-FWS.
Theodore Roosevelt, NP69,67580-38USDI-NPS.
[54 FR 41098, Oct. 5, 1989]
§ 81.424 - Oklahoma.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Wichita Mountains Wild8,90091-504USDI-FWS
§ 81.425 - Oregon.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Crater Lake NP160,29057-121USDA-NPS
Diamond Peak Wild36,63788-577USDA-FS
Eagle Cap Wild293,47688-577USDA-FS
Gearhart Mountain Wild18,70988-577USDA-FS
Hells Canyon Wild 1108,90094-199USDA-FS
Kalmiopsis Wild76,90088-577USDA-FS
Mountain Lakes Wild23,07188-577USDA-FS
Mount Hood Wild14,16088-577USDA-FS
Mount Jefferson Wild100,20890-548USDA-FS
Mount Washington Wild46,11688-577USDA-FS
Strawberry Mountain Wild33,00388-577USDA-FS
Three Sisters Wild199,90288-577USDA-FS

1 Hells Canyon Wilderness, 192,700 acres overall, of which 108,900 acres are in Oregon, and 83,800 acres are in Idaho.

§ 81.426 - South Carolina.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Cape Romain Wild28,00093-632USDI-FWS
§ 81.427 - South Dakota.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Badlands Wild64,25094-567USDI-NPS
Wind Cave NP28,06057-16USDI-NPS
§ 81.428 - Tennessee.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Great Smoky Mountains NP 1241,20769-268USDI-NPS
Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wild 23,83293-622USDA-FS

1 Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 514,758 acres overall, of which 273,551 acres are in North Carolina, and 241,207 acres are in Tennessee.

2 Joyce Kilmer Slickrock Wilderness, 14,033 acres overall, of which 10,201 acres are in North Carolina, and 3,832 acres are in Tennessee.

[44 FR 69124, Nov. 30, 1979; 45 FR 6103, Jan. 25, 1980]
§ 81.429 - Texas.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Big Bend NP708,11874-157USDI-NPS
Guadalupe Mountains NP76,29289-667USDI-NPS
§ 81.430 - Utah.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Arches NP65,09892-155USDI-NPS
Bryce Canyon NP35,83268-277USDI-NPS
Canyonlands NP337,57088-590USDI-NPS
Capitol Reef NP221,89692-507USDI-NPS
Zion NP142,46268-83USDI-NPS
§ 81.431 - Vermont.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Lye Brook Wild12,43093-622USDA-FS
§ 81.432 - Virgin Islands.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Virgin Islands NP12,29584-925USDI-NPS
§ 81.433 - Virginia.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
James River Face Wild8,70393-622USDA-FS
Shenandoah NP190,53569-268USDI-NPS
§ 81.434 - Washington.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Alpine Lakes Wild303,50894-357USDA-FS
Glacier Peak Wild464,25888-577USDA-FS
Goat Rocks Wild82,68088-577USDA-FS
Mount Adams Wild32,35688-577USDA-FS
Mount Rainer NP235,239( 1)USDI-NPS
North Cascades NP503,27790-554USDI-NPS
Olympic NP892,57875-778USDI-NPS
Pasayten Wild505,52490-544USDA-FS

1 30 Stat. 993 (55th Cong.).

§ 81.435 - West Virginia.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Dolly Sods Wild10,21593-622USDA-FS
Otter Creek Wild20,00093-622USDA-FS
§ 81.436 - Wyoming.
Area name Acreage Public Law establishing Federal land manager
Bridger Wild392,16088-577USDA-FS
Fitzpatrick Wild191,10394-567USDA-FS
Grand Teton NP305,50481-787USDI-NPS
North Absaroka Wild351,10488-577USDA-FS
Teton Wild557,31188-577USDA-FS
Washakie Wild686,58492-476USDA-FS
Yellowstone NP 12,020,625( 2)USDI-NPS

1 Yellowstone National Park, 2,219,737 acres overall, of which 2,020,625 acres are in Wyoming, 167,624 acres are in Montana, and 31,488 acres are in Idaho.

2 17 Stat. 32 (42nd Cong.).

§ 81.437 - New Brunswick, Canada.

Table 1

Area name Acreage Public law establishing Federal land manager
Roosevelt Campobello International Park2,72188-363( 1)

1 Chairman, RCIP Commission.

Table 2—Integral Vistas Associated With Mandatory Class I Areas

Park Observation point View angle Key features Also viewed from—
Roosevelt Campobello International ParkRoosevelt Cottage and Beach Area244°-56°Estes head*
Eastport*
North Lubec*
Cobscook Bay*
Shackford Head*
St. Andrews*
Friar's Head*
Treat's Island*
Passamaquoddy Bay*
Deer Island*
Indian Island*
Rouen Island*
Cherry Island*
Thrumcap Island*
Owen House*
Welshpool*
*Features viewed from Friar's Head.
Friar's Head154°-94°Roosevelt Cottage*
Campobello Island*
Weir*
Friar's Bay*
Welshpool*
Wilson's Beach*
North Road*
Head Harbour Passage*
Casco Island*
Green Island*
Pope Island*
Thrumcap Island*
Cherry Island*
Rouen Island*
Indian Island*
Deer Island*
Passamaquoddy Bay*
Old Sow Whirlpool*
St. Andrews*
Eastport*
Friar Roads*
Estes Head*
Perry*
Shackford Head*
Pembroke*
Cobscook Bay*
Treat's Island*
Major's Island
North Lubec*
Passamaquoddy Dam, portion of*
Roger's Island
Dudley Island*
Johnson's Bay*
Pope's Folly*
Cutler Naval Radio Station
Lubec
Mulholland Point Lighthouse
FDR Memorial Bridge
South Lubec
Grand Manan Island*
*Features viewed from Roosevelt Cottage and Beach Area.
Con Robinson's Point308°-150°Herring Cove Beach
Provincial Park
Eastern Head
Herring Cove
Mainland New Brunswick*
Point La Preau*
Wolf Islands*
Atlantic Ocean*
Grand Manan Island
*Features viewed from Liberty Point.*
Liberty Point34°-236°Ragged Point
Mainland New Brunswick*
Atlantic Ocean*
Wolf Islands*
Grand Manan Island*
Sail Rock
West Quoddy Head Lighthouse
South Lubec
*Features viewed from Con Robinson's Points.
[54 FR 21906, May 19, 1989]
authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401,
source: 36 FR 22421, Nov. 25, 1971, unless otherwise noted.
cite as: 40 CFR 81.406