(a) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a lead acid battery manufacturing plant or a lead acid battery component manufacturing plant that is an area source of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emissions.

(b) This subpart applies to each new or existing affected source. The affected source is each plant that is either a lead acid battery manufacturing plant or a lead acid battery component manufacturing plant. For each lead acid battery manufacturing plant, the affected source includes all grid casting facilities, paste mixing facilities, three-process operation facilities, lead oxide manufacturing facilities, lead reclamation facilities, and any other lead-emitting operation that is associated with the lead acid battery manufacturing plant. For each lead acid battery component manufacturing plant, the affected source includes all grid casting facilities, paste mixing facilities, three-process operation facilities, and lead oxide manufacturing facilities.

(1) A lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected source is existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source on or before April 4, 2007.

(2) A lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected source is new if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source after April 4, 2007.

(3) A lead acid battery component manufacturing plant affected source is existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source on or before February 23, 2022.

(4) A lead acid battery component manufacturing plant affected source is new if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source after February 23, 2022.

(c) This subpart does not apply to research and development facilities, as defined in section 112(c)(7) of the Clean Air Act (CAA).

(d) You are exempt from the obligation to obtain a permit under 40 CFR part 70 or 71, provided you are not otherwise required by law to obtain a permit under 40 CFR 70.3(a) or 71.3(a). Notwithstanding the previous sentence, you must continue to comply with the provisions of this subpart.

(e) For lead acid battery component manufacturing plants, you are exempt from the requirements of §§ 63.11422 through 63.11427 if the conditions of paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this section are met.

(1) The grid casting facility, paste mixing facility, three-process operation facility, or lead oxide manufacturing facility is subject to another subpart under this part.

(2) You control lead emissions from the grid casting facility, paste mixing facility, three-process operation facility, or lead oxide manufacturing facility in compliance with the standards specified in the applicable subpart.

(3) The other applicable subpart under this part does not exempt the grid casting facility, paste mixing facility, three-process operation facility, or lead oxide manufacturing facility from the emission limitations or work practice requirements of that subpart. This means you comply with all applicable emissions limitations and work practice standards under the other subpart (e.g., you install and operate the required air pollution controls or have implemented the required work practice to reduce lead emissions to levels specified by the applicable subpart).

(a) If you own or operate a lead acid battery manufacturing plant existing affected source, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions in this subpart by no later than July 16, 2008, except as specified in paragraphs (e) through (h) of this section.

(b) If you start up a new lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions in this subpart not later than July 16, 2007, except as specified in paragraphs (e) through (h) of this section.

(c) If you start up a new lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected source after July 16, 2007, but on or before February 23, 2022, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source, except as specified in paragraphs (e) through (h) this section.

(d) If you start up a new lead acid battery manufacturing plant or lead acid battery component manufacturing plant affected source after February 23, 2022, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions in this subpart not later than February 23, 2023, or upon initial startup of your affected source, whichever is later.

(e) Until February 23, 2026, lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected sources that commenced construction or reconstruction on or before February 23, 2023, must meet all the standards for lead and opacity in 40 CFR 60.372 and the requirements of § 63.11423(a)(1).

(f) Lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected sources that commenced construction or reconstruction on or before February 23, 2023, must comply with the requirements in § 63.11423(a)(2) by February 23, 2026. All affected sources that commence construction or reconstruction after February 23, 2023, must comply with the requirements in § 63.11423(a)(2) by initial startup or February 23, 2023, whichever is later.

(g) Lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected sources that commenced construction or reconstruction on or before February 23, 2023, must comply with the requirements of § 63.11423(a)(3) by August 22, 2023. All affected sources that commence construction or reconstruction after February 23, 2023, must comply with the requirements of § 63.11423(a)(3) by initial startup or February 23, 2023, whichever is later.

(h) After February 23, 2023, lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected sources must comply with the startup, shutdown, and malfunction requirements specified in table 3 to this subpart except that you must comply with the recordkeeping requirements that table 3 refers to in § 63.11424(a)(5) by May 24, 2023.

(i) If you own or operate a lead acid battery component manufacturing plant existing affected source, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions in this subpart by no later than February 23, 2026.

(a) You must meet all the standards for lead and opacity as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Until the compliance date specified in § 63.11422(e), lead acid battery manufacturing plant affected sources must comply with paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section.

(i) You meet all the standards for lead and opacity in 40 CFR 60.372 and the requirements of paragraphs (a)(4) and (5), (b), and (c)(1) through (3) of this section.

(ii) You comply with paragraph (a)(2) of this section.

(2) Beginning no later than the applicable compliance date specified in § 63.11422(f) or (i), you must meet each emission limit in table 1 to this subpart and each opacity standard in table 2 to this subpart that applies to you; you must meet the requirements of paragraphs (a)(4) and (5), (c), and (d) of this section; and you must also comply with the recordkeeping and electronic reporting requirements in § 63.11424(a)(6) and (7) and (b).

(3) Beginning no later than the applicable compliance date specified in § 63.11422(g) or (i), you must comply with the monitoring requirements in paragraph (e) of this section, the recordkeeping and electronic reporting requirements in § 63.11424(a)(1) through (5) and (c) through (f), and the definition of lead reclamation in § 63.11426.

(4) At all times, you must operate and maintain any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. The general duty to minimize emissions does not require you to make any further efforts to reduce emissions if levels required by the applicable standard in this part have been achieved. Determination of whether a source is operating in compliance with operation and maintenance requirements will be based on information available to the Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance records, and inspection of the source.

(5) When two or more facilities at the same plant (except the lead oxide manufacturing facility) are ducted to a common control device, an equivalent standard for the total exhaust from the commonly controlled facilities must be determined using equation 1 to this paragraph (a)(5) as follows:

(b) As specified in paragraph (a) of this section, you must meet the monitoring requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) For any emissions point controlled by a scrubbing system, you must meet the requirements in 40 CFR 60.373.

(2) For any emissions point controlled by a fabric filter, you must meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section and either paragraph (b)(2)(ii) or (iii) of this section. Fabric filters equipped with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or other secondary filter are allowed to monitor less frequently, as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(iv) of this section.

(i) You must perform semiannual inspections and maintenance to ensure proper performance of each fabric filter. This includes inspection of structural and filter integrity. You must record the results of these inspections.

(ii) You must install, maintain, and operate a pressure drop monitoring device to measure the differential pressure drop across the fabric filter during all times when the process is operating. The pressure drop must be recorded at least once per day. If a pressure drop is observed outside of the normal operational ranges as specified by the manufacturer, you must record the incident and take immediate corrective actions. You must also record the corrective actions taken. You must submit a monitoring system performance report in accordance with § 63.10(e)(3).

(iii) You must conduct a visible emissions observation at least once per day while the process is in operation to verify that no visible emissions are occurring at the discharge point to the atmosphere from any emissions source subject to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. If visible emissions are detected, you must record the incident and conduct an opacity measurement in accordance with 40 CFR 60.374(b)(3). You must record the results of each opacity measurement. If the measurement exceeds the applicable opacity standard in 40 CFR 60.372(a)(7) or (8), you must submit this information in an excess emissions report required under § 63.10(e)(3).

(iv) Fabric filters equipped with a HEPA filter or other secondary filter are allowed to monitor less frequently, as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(iv)(A) or (B) of this section.

(A) If you are using a pressure drop monitoring device to measure the differential pressure drop across the fabric filter in accordance with paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, you must record the pressure drop at least once per week. If a pressure drop is observed outside of the normal operational ranges as specified by the manufacturer, you must record the incident and take immediate corrective actions. You must also record the corrective actions taken. You must submit a monitoring system performance report in accordance with § 63.10(e)(3).

(B) If you are conducting visible emissions observations in accordance with paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section, you must conduct such observations at least once per week and record the results in accordance with paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section. If visible emissions are detected, you must record the incident and conduct an opacity measurement in accordance with 40 CFR 60.374(b)(3). You must record the results of each opacity measurement. If the measurement exceeds the applicable opacity standard in 40 CFR 60.372(a)(7) or (8), you must submit this information in an excess emissions report required under § 63.10(e)(3).

(c) As specified in paragraph (a) of this section, you must meet the performance testing requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section.

(1) Existing sources are not required to conduct an initial performance test if a prior performance test was conducted using the same methods specified in this section and either no process changes have been made since the test, or you can demonstrate that the results of the performance test, with or without adjustments, reliably demonstrate compliance with this subpart despite process changes.

(2) Sources without a prior performance test, as described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, must conduct an initial performance test using the methods specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) EPA Method 12 or EPA Method 29 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 must be used to determine the lead concentration (CPb) and the volumetric flow rate (Qsda) of the effluent gas. The sampling time and the sample volume for each run must be at least 60 minutes and 0.85 dscm (30 dscf).

(ii) EPA Method 9 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 and the procedures in § 63.6(h) must be used to determine opacity. The opacity numbers must be rounded off to the nearest whole percentage. Or, as an alternative to Method 9, you may use ASTM D7520-16 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) with the caveats in paragraphs (c)(4)(ii)(A) through (E) of this section.

(A) During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in Section 9.2 of ASTM D7520-16, you or the DCOT vendor must present the plumes in front of various backgrounds of color and contrast representing conditions anticipated during field use such as blue sky, trees, and mixed backgrounds (clouds and/or a sparse tree stand).

(B) You must also have standard operating procedures in place including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure the equipment is within manufacturing specifications as outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM D7520-16.

(C) You must follow the recordkeeping procedures outlined in § 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report, data sheets, and all raw unaltered JPEGs used for opacity and certification determination.

(D) You or the DCOT vendor must have a minimum of four (4) independent technology users apply the software to determine the visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of 25 plumes, the user may not exceed 15 percent opacity of any one reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5 percent opacity.

(E) This approval does not provide or imply a certification or validation of any vendor's hardware or software. The onus to maintain and verify the certification and/or training of the DCOT camera, software, and operator in accordance with ASTM D7520-16 and this letter is on the facility, DCOT operator, and DCOT vendor.

(iii) When different operations in a three-process operation facility are ducted to separate control devices, the lead emission concentration (C) from the facility must be determined using equation 2 to this paragraph (c)(2)(iii) as follows:

(iv) For a lead oxide manufacturing facility, the lead emission rate must be determined as specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(iv)(A) and (B) of this section.

(A) The emission rate (E) from lead oxide manufacturing facility must be computed for each run using equation 3 to this paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(A) as follows:

(B) The average lead feed rate (P) must be determined for each run using equation 4 to this paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(B) as follows:

(3) In conducting the initial performance tests required in § 63.7, you must use as reference methods and procedures the test methods in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 or other methods and procedures as specified in this section, except as provided in § 63.7(f).

(4) After the initial performance test described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section, you must conduct subsequent performance tests every 5 years to demonstrate compliance with each applicable emissions limitations and opacity standards. Within three years of February 23, 2023, performance testing must be conducted for each affected source subject to an applicable emissions limitation in tables 1 and 2 to this subpart that has not had a performance test within the last 5 years, except as described in paragraph (c)(6) of this section. Thereafter, subsequent performance tests for each affected source must be completed no less frequently than every 5 years from the date the emissions source was last tested.

(5) In lieu of conducting subsequent performance tests for each affected source, you may elect to group similar affected sources together and conduct subsequent performance tests on one representative affected source within each group of similar affected sources. The determination of whether affected sources are similar must meet the criteria in paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section. If you decide to test representative affected sources, you must prepare and submit a testing plan as described in paragraph (c)(5)(iii) of this section.

(i) If you elect to test representative affected sources, the affected sources that are grouped together must be of the same process type (e.g., grid casting, paste mixing, three-process operations) and also have the same type of air pollution control device (e.g., fabric filters). You cannot group affected sources from different process types or with different air pollution control device types together for the purposes of this section.

(ii) The results of the performance test conducted for the affected source selected as representative of a group of similar affected sources will represent the results for each affected source within the group. In the performance test report, all affected sources in the group will need to be listed.

(iii) If you plan to conduct subsequent performance tests on representative emission units, you must submit a test plan. This test plan must be submitted to the Administrator or delegated authority for review and approval no later than 90 days prior to the first scheduled performance test. The test plan must contain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(5)(iii)(A) through (C) of this section.

(A) A list of all emission units. This list must clearly identify all emission units that have been grouped together as similar emission units. Within each group of emission units, you must identify the emission unit that will be the representative unit for that group and subject to performance testing.

(B) A list of the process type and type of air pollution control device on each emission unit.

(C) A date of last test for each emission unit and a schedule indicating when you will conduct performance tests for each emission unit within the representative groups.

(iv) If you conduct subsequent performance tests on representative emission units, the unit with the oldest test must be tested first, and each subsequent performance test must be performed for a different unit until all units in the group have been tested. The order of testing for each subsequent test must proceed such that the unit in the group with the least recent performance test is the next unit to be tested.

(6) You may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction. You must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent normal operation. You must make available to the Administrator in the test report, records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

(d) Beginning no later than the applicable compliance date specified in § 63.11422(f) or (i), you must prepare and, at all times, operate according to a fugitive dust mitigation plan that describes in detail the measures that will be put in place and implemented to control fugitive dust emissions in the lead oxide unloading and storage areas. You must prepare a fugitive dust mitigation plan according to the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) You must submit the fugitive dust mitigation plan to the Administrator or delegated authority for review and approval when initially developed and any time changes are made.

(2) The fugitive dust mitigation plan must at a minimum include the requirements specified in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Cleaning lead oxide unloading and storage areas. Surfaces traversed during vehicular material transfer activity in lead oxide unloading and storage areas must be cleaned at least once per month, by wet wash or a vacuum equipped with a filter rated by the manufacturer to achieve 99.97 percent capture efficiency for 0.3 micron particles in a manner that does not generate fugitive lead dust, except when sand or a similar material has been spread on the area to provide traction on ice or snow.

(ii) Spills in lead oxide unloading and storage areas. For any leak or spill that occurs during the unloading and storage process, complete washing or vacuuming the area to remove all spilled or leaked lead bearing material within 2 hours of the leak or spill occurrence.

(iii) Materials storage. Dust forming materials (that contain lead or lead compounds) must be stored in sealed, leak-proof containers or in a total enclosure.

(iv) Records. The fugitive dust mitigation plan must specify that records be maintained of all cleaning performed under paragraph (d)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(e) Beginning no later than the applicable compliance date specified in § 63.11422(g) or (i), you must meet the monitoring requirements in paragraphs (e)(1) through (5) of this section.

(1) For any emissions point controlled by a scrubbing system, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a monitoring device(s) that measures and records the liquid flow rate and pressure drop across the scrubbing system(s) at least once every 15 minutes. The monitoring device must have an accuracy of ±5 percent over its operating range. The operating liquid flow rate must be maintained within ±10 percent of the average liquid flow rate during the most recent performance test. If a liquid flow rate or pressure drop is observed outside of the normal operational ranges as you must record the incident and take immediate corrective actions. You must also record the corrective actions taken. You must submit an excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report required under § 63.11424(c).

(2) Emissions points controlled by a fabric filter without a secondary filter must meet the requirements of paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section and either paragraph (e)(2)(iii) or (iv) of this section.

(i) You must perform quarterly inspections and maintenance to ensure proper performance of each fabric filter. This includes inspection of structural and filter integrity.

(ii) If it is not possible for you to take the corrective actions specified in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(C) or (D) of this section for a process or fabric filter control device, you must keep at least one replacement fabric filter onsite at all times for that process or fabric filter control device. The characteristics of the replacement filters must be the same as the current fabric filters in use or have characteristics that would achieve equal or greater emission reductions.

(iii) Install, maintain, and operate a pressure drop monitoring device to measure the differential pressure drop across the fabric filter during all times when the process is operating. The pressure drop must be recorded at least twice per day (at least 8 hours apart) if the results of the most recent performance test indicate that emissions are greater than 50 percent of the lead emissions limit in table 1 to this subpart. The pressure drop must be recorded at least once per day if the results of the most recent performance test indicate that emissions are less than or equal to 50 percent of the lead emissions limit in table 1. If a pressure drop is observed outside of the normal operational ranges, you must record the incident and take immediate corrective actions. You must submit an excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report required under § 63.11424(c). You must also record the corrective actions taken and verify pressure drop is within normal operational range. These corrective actions may include but are not limited to those provided in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section.

(A) Inspecting the filter and filter housing for air leaks and torn or broken filters.

(B) Replacing defective filter media, or otherwise repairing the control device.

(C) Sealing off a defective control device by routing air to other control devices.

(D) Shutting down the process producing the lead emissions.

(iv) Conduct a visible emissions observation using EPA Method 9 or EPA Method 22 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 while the process is in operation to verify that no visible emissions are occurring at the discharge point to the atmosphere from any emissions source subject to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. The visible emissions observation must be conducted at least twice daily (at least 6 hours apart) if the results of the most recent performance test indicate that emissions are greater than 50 percent of the lead emissions limit in table 1 to this subpart. The visible emissions observation must be conducted at least once per day if the results of the most recent performance test indicate that emissions are less than or equal to 50 percent of the lead emissions limit in table 1. If visible emissions are detected, you must record the incident and submit this information in an excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report required under § 63.11424(c) and take immediate corrective action. You must also record the corrective actions taken. These corrective actions may include but are not limited to those provided in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section.

(3) Emissions points controlled by a fabric filter equipped with a secondary filter, such as a HEPA filter, must meet the requirements of paragraphs (e)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section and either paragraph (e)(3)(iii) or (iv) of this section.

(i) You must perform the inspections required in paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section quarterly.

(ii) If it is not possible for you to take the corrective actions specified in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(C) or (D) of this section for a process or fabric filter control device, you must keep at least one replacement primary fabric filter and one replacement secondary filter onsite at all times for that process or fabric filter control device. The characteristics of the replacement filters must be the same as the current fabric filters in use or have characteristics that would achieve equal or greater emission reductions.

(iii) You must perform the pressure drop monitoring requirements in paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section. You may perform these requirements once weekly rather than once or twice daily.

(iv) You must perform the visible emissions observation requirements in paragraph (e)(2)(iv) of this section. You may perform these requirements weekly rather than once or twice daily.

(4) Beginning no later than the applicable compliance date specified in § 63.11422(g) or (i), if you operate a bag leak detection system, that system must meet the specifications and requirements in paragraphs (e)(4)(i) through (ix) of this section. Emission points controlled by a fabric filter equipped that are monitored with a bag leak detection system meeting the specifications and requirements in paragraphs (e)(4)(i) through (ix) of this section may have the inspections required in paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section performed semiannually.

(i) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter as lead emissions at concentrations at or below the values in table 1 to this subpart, as applicable to the process for which the fabric filter is used to control emissions. Where the fabric filter is used as a control device for more than one process, the lowest applicable value in table 1 must be used.

(ii) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of relative particulate matter loadings.

(iii) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm system that will alarm when an increase in relative particulate loadings is detected over a preset level.

(iv) You must install and operate the bag leak detection system in a manner consistent with the guidance provided in “Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) Fabric Filter Bag Leak Detection Guidance” (EPA-454/R-98-015) (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) and the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations for installation, operation, and adjustment of the system.

(v) The initial adjustment of the system must, at a minimum, consist of establishing the baseline output by adjusting the sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device and establishing the alarm set points and the alarm delay time.

(vi) Following initial adjustment, you must not adjust the sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set points, or alarm delay time, except as detailed in the approved standard operating procedures manual required under paragraph (e)(4)(ix) of this section. You cannot increase the sensitivity by more than 100 percent or decrease the sensitivity by more than 50 percent over a 365-day period unless such adjustment follows a complete fabric filter inspection that demonstrates that the fabric filter is in good operating condition.

(vii) For negative pressure, induced air baghouses, and positive pressure baghouses that are discharged to the atmosphere through a stack, you must install the bag leak detector downstream of the fabric filter.

(viii) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.

(ix) You must develop a standard operating procedures manual for the bag leak detection system that includes procedures for making system adjustments and a corrective action plan, which specifies the procedures to be followed in the case of a bag leak detection system alarm. The corrective action plan must include, at a minimum, the procedures that you will use to determine and record the time and cause of the alarm as well as the corrective actions taken to minimize emissions as specified in paragraphs (e)(4)(ix)(A) and (B) of this section.

(A) The procedures used to determine the cause of the alarm must be initiated within 30 minutes of the alarm.

(B) The cause of the alarm must be alleviated by taking the necessary corrective action(s) that may include, but not be limited to, those listed in paragraphs (e)(4)(ix)(B)(1) through (6) of this section.

(1) Inspecting the baghouse for air leaks, torn or broken filter elements, or any other malfunction that may cause an increase in emissions.

(2) Sealing off defective bags or filter media.

(3) Replacing defective bags or filter media, or otherwise repairing the control device.

(4) Sealing off defective baghouse compartment.

(5) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe, or otherwise repairing the bag leak detection system.

(6) Shutting down the process producing the lead emissions.

(5) For continuous monitoring subject to the requirements of § 63.8(d)(2) to develop and implement a continuous monitoring system quality control program, you must keep these written procedures on record for the life of the affected source or until the affected source is no longer subject to the provisions of this part, to be made available for inspection, upon request, by the Administrator. If the performance evaluation plan is revised, you must keep previous (i.e., superseded) versions of the performance evaluation plan on record to be made available for inspection, upon request, by the Administrator, for a period of 5 years after each revision to the plan. The program of corrective action should be included in the plan required under § 63.8(d)(2).

(a) You must keep the records specified in this section according to the applicable compliance date in § 63.11422(f) and (g) or (i) and maintain them in a format readily available for review onsite for a period of 5 years.

(1) Records of pressure drop values and the liquid flow rate from the monitoring required in § 63.11423(e)(1) for scrubbing systems.

(2) Records of fabric filter inspections and maintenance activities required in § 63.11423(e)(2)(i) or (e)(3)(i).

(3) Records required under § 63.11423(e)(2)(iii) or (e)(3)(iii) of fabric filter pressure drop, pressure drop observed outside of normal operating ranges as specified by the manufacturer, and corrective actions taken.

(4) Records of the required visible emissions observations in § 63.11423(e)(2)(iv) or (e)(3)(iv).

(5) You must keep the records of failures to meet an applicable standard in this part as specified in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section.

(i) In the event that an affected unit fails to meet an applicable standard in this part, record the number of failures. For each failure record the date, time, cause, and duration of each failure.

(ii) For each failure to meet an applicable standard in this part, record and retain a list of the affected sources or equipment, an estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.

(iii) Record actions taken to minimize emissions and any corrective actions taken to return the affected unit to its normal or usual manner of operation.

(6) If a bag leak detection system is used under § 63.11423(e)(4), for a period of 5 years keep the records, specified in paragraphs (a)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section.

(i) Electronic records of the bag leak detection system output.

(ii) An identification of the date and time of all bag leak detection system alarms, the time that procedures to determine the cause of the alarm were initiated, the cause of the alarm, an explanation of the corrective actions taken, and the date and time the cause of the alarm was corrected.

(iii) All records of inspections and maintenance activities required under § 63.11423(e)(4).

(7) Records of all cleaning required as part of the practices described in the fugitive dust mitigation plan required under § 63.11423(d)(2)(iii) for the control of fugitive dust emissions.

(b) Beginning on April 24, 2023, within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test or demonstration of compliance required by this subpart, you must submit the results of the performance test following the procedures specified in § 63.9(k) and paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT website (https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert) at the time of the test. Submit the results of the performance test to the EPA via the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI), which can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The data must be submitted in a file format generated using the EPA's ERT. Alternatively, you may submit an electronic file consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on the EPA's ERT website.

(2) Data collected using test methods that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the test. The results of the performance test must be included as an attachment in the ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit the ERT generated package or alternative file to the EPA via CEDRI. If a performance test consists only of opacity measurements, reporting using the ERT and CEDRI is not required.

(3) Data collected containing confidential business information (CBI). All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of submission. Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI. Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Although we do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a CBI claim for some of the information submitted under paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section, you must submit a complete file, including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The file must be generated using the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. The preferred method to submit CBI is for it to be transmitted electronically using email attachments, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), or other online file sharing services (e.g., Dropbox, OneDrive, Google Drive). Electronic submissions must be transmitted directly to the OAQPS CBI Office at the email address [email protected], and as described in this paragraph (b)(3), should include clear CBI markings and note the docket ID. If assistance is needed with submitting large electronic files that exceed the file size limit for email attachments, and if you do not have your own file sharing service, please email [email protected] to request a file transfer link. If sending CBI information through the postal service, submit the file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Sector Lead, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section. Under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is not entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.

(c) Beginning on February 23, 2024, or once the report template for this subpart has been available on the CEDRI website for one year, whichever date is later, you must submit a report of excess emissions and monitoring systems performance report and summary report according to §§ 63.9(k) and 63.10(e)(3) to the Administrator semiannually. Report the number of failures to meet an applicable standard in this part. For each instance, report the date, time, cause, and duration of each failure. For each failure, the report must include a list of the affected sources or equipment, an estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit, and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions. You must use the appropriate electronic report template on the CEDRI website (https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/cedri) or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the CEDRI website for this subpart. The date report templates become available will be listed on the CEDRI website. Unless the Administrator or delegated state agency or other authority has approved a different schedule for submission of reports, the report must be submitted by the deadline specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report is submitted. Submit all reports to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through the EPA's CDX (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The EPA will make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the public without further notice to you. Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI. Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. The report must be submitted by the deadline specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report is submitted. Although we do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a CBI claim, follow the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph (c).

(d) Any records required to be maintained by this subpart that are submitted electronically via the EPA's CEDRI may be maintained in electronic format. This ability to maintain electronic copies does not affect the requirement for facilities to make records, data, and reports available upon request to a delegated air agency or the EPA as part of an on-site compliance evaluation.

(a) The provisions in subpart A of this part, that are applicable to this subpart are specified in table 3 to this subpart.

(b) For existing sources, the initial notification required by § 63.9(b) must be submitted not later than November 13, 2007, or no later than 120 days after the source becomes subject to this subpart, whichever is later.

(c) For existing sources, the initial notification of compliance required by § 63.9(h) must be submitted not later than March 13, 2009, or no later than 120 days after the source becomes subject to this subpart, whichever is later.

The terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in § 63.2 for terms used in the applicable provisions of subpart A of this part, and in this section as follows:

Bag leak detection system means a system that is capable of continuously monitoring particulate matter (dust) loadings in the exhaust of a fabric filter (baghouse) in order to detect bag leaks and other upset conditions. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on triboelectric, light scattering, light transmittance, or other effect to continuously monitor relative particulate matter loadings.

Grid casting facility means a facility which includes all lead melting pots, pots that remelt scrap from onsite lead acid battery manufacturing processes, and machines used for casting the grid used in lead acid batteries.

Lead acid battery component manufacturing plant means any plant that does not produce a final lead acid battery product but at which one or more of the following processes is conducted to develop a product for use in lead acid batteries: grid casting, paste mixing, three-process operations, and lead oxide manufacturing.

Lead acid battery manufacturing plant means any plant that produces a storage battery using lead and lead compounds for the plates and sulfuric acid for the electrolyte.

Lead oxide manufacturing facility means a facility that produces lead oxide from lead for use in lead acid batteries, including lead oxide production and product recovery operations. Local exhaust ventilation or building ventilation exhausts serving lead oxide production areas are not part of the lead oxide manufacturing facility.

Lead reclamation facility means a facility that casts remelted lead scrap generated by onsite lead acid battery manufacturing processes into lead ingots for use in the battery manufacturing process, and which is not a furnace affected under subpart X of this part. Lead scrap remelting processes that are used directly (not cast into an ingot first) in a grid casting facility or a three-process operations facility are parts of those facilities and are not part of a lead reclamation facility.

Other lead-emitting operation means any operation at a plant involved in the manufacture of lead acid batteries from which lead emissions are collected and ducted to the atmosphere and which is not part of a grid casting, lead oxide manufacturing, lead reclamation, paste mixing, or three-process operation facility, or a furnace affected under subpart X of this part. These operations also include local exhaust ventilation or building ventilation exhausts serving lead oxide production areas.

Paste mixing facility means a facility including lead oxide storage, conveying, weighing, metering, and charging operations; paste blending, handling, and cooling operations; and plate pasting, takeoff, cooling, and drying operations.

Three-process operation facility means a facility including those processes involved with plate stacking, burning or strap casting, and assembly of elements into the battery case.

Total enclosure means a containment building that is completely enclosed with a floor, walls, and a roof to prevent exposure to the elements and that has limited openings to allow access and egress for people and vehicles.

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA or a delegated authority such as a State, local, or tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to a State, local, or tribal agency pursuant to 40 CFR part 63, subpart E, then that Agency has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact your U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to a State, local, or tribal agency within your State.

(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this part, the approval authorities contained in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section are retained by the Administrator of the U.S. EPA and are not transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.

(1) Approval of an alternative non-opacity emissions standard under § 63.6(g).

(2) Approval of a major change to test methods under § 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f). A “major change to test method” is defined in § 63.90.

(3) Approval of a major change to monitoring under § 63.8(f). A “major change to monitoring” is defined in § 63.90.

(4) Approval of a major change to recordkeeping/reporting under § 63.10(f). A “major change to recordkeeping/reporting” is defined in § 63.90.

(5) Approval of an alternative to any electronic reporting to the EPA required by this subpart.

As stated in § 63.11423(a)(2), you must comply with the emission limits in the following table:

As stated in § 63.11423(a)(2), you must comply with the opacity standards in the following table:

As required in § 63.11425, you must comply with the requirements of the NESHAP General Provisions (subpart A of this part) as shown in the following table.