This subpart contains the general origin verification and determination provisions applicable to goods claiming preferential tariff treatment under § 182.11(b) or § 182.32.

(a) Verification. A claim for preferential tariff treatment made under § 182.11(b) or 182.32, including any statements or other information submitted to CBP in support of the claim, will be subject to such verification as CBP deems necessary. CBP may initiate the verification of goods imported into the United States under the USMCA with the importer, or with the exporter or producer who completed the certification of origin. A verification of a claim for preferential tariff treatment under the USMCA may be conducted by means of one or more of the following:

(1) Requests for information or questionnaires, including a request for documents, to the importer, exporter, or producer;

(2) Verification visits to the premises of the exporter or producer in Mexico or Canada in order to request information, including documents, and to observe production processes and facilities; and

(3) Any other procedure to which the USMCA countries may agree.

(b) Verification of a material. When conducting a verification of a good imported into the United States, CBP may conduct a verification of the material that is used in the production of that good. A verification of a material producer may be conducted pursuant to any of the verification means set forth in paragraph (a) of this section. With the exception of §§ 182.73(c) and 182.75, the provisions in this subpart also apply to the verification of a material and references to the term “producer” apply to a producer of a good or to a material producer.

(c) Sending information directly to CBP. During a verification, CBP will accept information, including documents, directly from an importer, exporter, or producer.

(d) Applicable accounting principles. When conducting a verification to which Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or an otherwise accepted inventory method may be relevant, CBP will apply and accept the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles applicable in the USMCA country in which the production is performed or from which the good is exported, as appropriate, or an otherwise accepted inventory management method as provided for in Appendix A of this part. If information, including documents, books and records, were not maintained accordingly, CBP will provide the importer, exporter or producer 30 days to record costs in accordance with Appendix A of this part.

(a) Requests for information and questionnaires. When conducting a verification through a request for information or a questionnaire as provided for in § 182.72(a)(1), CBP will send the importer, exporter or producer a written request for information, a written questionnaire, or its electronic equivalent, including a request for specific documentation to support the claim for preferential tariff treatment.

(1) Contents. The written request for information, written questionnaire, or its electronic equivalent will contain the following:

(i) The objective and scope of the verification, including the specific issue that the verification is seeking to resolve; and

(ii) Sufficient information to identify the good or material that is the subject of the verification.

(2) Availability of records—(i) Verification of a good. The importer, exporter, or producer must make the records, which are required to be maintained to demonstrate that the good qualifies for preferential tariff treatment under the USMCA, available for inspection by a CBP official conducting a verification. CBP may deny the claim for preferential tariff treatment of the good for failure to maintain the required records or if a CBP official is denied access to the records.

(ii) Verification of a material. During the verification of a material, any records in the material producer's possession demonstrating that the material qualifies as originating must be made available for inspection by a CBP official conducting a verification. CBP may consider the material that is used in the production of the good and is the subject of the verification to be non-originating material if a CBP official is denied access to these records.

(b) Notification of a verification visit. Prior to conducting a verification visit in Canada or Mexico, CBP will provide the exporter or producer, using one of the communication means specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, with a notification stating the intent to conduct a verification visit and containing the following:

(1) The objective and scope of the verification, including the specific issue that the verification is seeking to resolve;

(2) Sufficient information to identify the good or material that is the subject of the verification;

(3) A request for the written consent of the exporter or producer whose premises are going to be visited;

(4) The legal authority for the visit;

(5) The proposed date and location of the visit;

(6) The specific purpose of the visit; and

(7) The names and titles of the U.S. officials conducting the visit.

(c) Importer notification. When CBP initiates a verification by sending a request for information or questionnaire under paragraph (a) of this section to an exporter or producer or by sending a notification of a verification visit under paragraph (b) of this section, CBP will notify the importer claiming preferential tariff treatment of the good that CBP has initiated a verification of that good, subject to the confidentiality provisions in § 182.2.

(d) Means of communications. (1) For purposes of a verification, it is sufficient for CBP to use the contact information provided in the certification of origin for any communication sent to the importer, exporter, or producer.

(2) For purposes of a verification, CBP will send all communication to the exporter or producer by any means that can produce a confirmation of receipt including:

(i) Electronic mail;

(ii) International courier services;

(iii) Certified or registered mail services; or

(iv) A CBP-authorized electronic data interchange system.

(e) Time periods. Any time periods specified in this subpart begin from the date of confirmation of receipt, provided for in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, when sending communication to the exporter or producer, and begin from the date the communication is sent when sending communication to the importer.

(f) Response time for a request for information, a questionnaire, and a notification of a verification visit—(1) Request for information and questionnaire. When CBP sends a request for information or a questionnaire, the importer, exporter, or producer will have 30 days from the date specified in paragraph (e) of this section to respond and provide the requested documentation. CBP may deny the claim for preferential tariff treatment of the good, or consider the material that is used in the production of the good to be non-originating material, for failure to respond to the request for information subject to the conditions in § 182.75(c)(1), or for failure to respond to the questionnaire.

(2) Notification of a verification visit. When CBP sends a notification of a verification visit, the exporter or producer will have 30 days from the date specified in paragraph (e) of this section to consent to or deny the verification visit. CBP may deny the claim for preferential tariff treatment of the good, or consider the material that is used in the production of the good to be non-originating material, for failure to provide consent for a verification visit within the 30-day response period, unless a postponement is requested in accordance with § 182.74(b).

(a) Written consent required. Prior to conducting a verification visit in Canada or Mexico, CBP must obtain the written consent of the exporter or producer whose premises are to be visited. The exporter or producer must submit this written consent, requested in the notification of a verification visit under § 182.73(b)(3), to CBP through one of the communication means specified in § 182.73(d)(2), within the time period provided in § 182.73(f)(2), unless a postponement is requested in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section.

(b) Postponement of a verification visit—(1) Request for postponement by an exporter or producer. Within 15 days of confirmed receipt of the notification of a verification visit, the exporter or producer may, on a single occasion, using one of the communication means specified in § 182.73(d)(2), request the postponement of the verification visit for a period not to exceed 30 days from the proposed date of the visit.

(2) Notification of a postponement. CBP will notify the exporter or producer when a postponement request under paragraph (b)(1) of this section is received and will provide the new date of the verification visit. The Mexican or Canadian customs administration where the verification visit will occur may also, within 15 days of confirmed receipt of the notification of a verification visit, postpone the verification visit for a period not to exceed 60 days from the proposed date of the visit or for a longer period as CBP and the Mexican or Canadian customs administration may decide. CBP will notify the exporter or producer if the verification visit is postponed at the request of the Mexican or Canadian customs administration.

(c) Availability of records—(1) Verification of a good. The exporter or producer must make the records, which are required to be maintained to demonstrate that the good qualifies for preferential tariff treatment under the USMCA, available for inspection by a CBP official conducting a verification and provide facilities for that inspection during the verification visit. CBP may deny the claim for preferential tariff treatment of the good for failure to maintain these records or if a CBP official is denied access to these records.

(2) Verification of a material. During the verification of a material, any records in the material producer's possession demonstrating that the material qualifies as originating must be made available for inspection by a CBP official conducting a verification. CBP may consider the material that is the used in the production of the good and is the subject of the verification visit to be non-originating material if a CBP official is denied access to these records.

(d) Observers. The exporter or producer may designate up to two observers to be present during the verification visit, if the exporter or producer chooses, provided that:

(1) The observers do not participate in a manner other than as observers;

(2) The failure of the exporter or producer to designate observers does not result in the postponement of the visit; and

(3) The exporter or producer identifies to CBP any observers designated to be present during the visit.

(a) Contents. For verifications initiated under this part, CBP will issue a determination of origin that sets forth:

(1) A description of the good that was the subject of the verification;

(2) A statement setting forth the findings of facts made in connection with the verification and upon which the determination is based; and

(3) The legal basis for the determination.

(b) Parties who will receive a determination of origin. CBP will issue the determination of origin to the importer, and to the exporter or producer who is subject to the verification and either completed the certification of origin or provided information directly to CBP during the verification, subject to the confidentiality provisions in § 182.2, within 120 days (or in exceptional cases and upon notification to the parties, within 210 days) after CBP has determined that it has received all the information necessary to issue a determination of origin, including any information necessary from the exporter or producer.

(c) Negative determinations—(1) When a request for information must be sent to the exporter or producer prior to issuing a negative determination. If a claim for preferential tariff treatment is based on a certification of origin completed by the exporter or producer, and, in response to a request for information, the importer does not provide CBP with sufficient information to verify or substantiate the claim, CBP will send a written request for information or its electronic equivalent to the exporter or producer that completed the certification of origin, subject to the confidentiality provisions in § 182.2, prior to issuing a negative determination.

(2) Denial of preferential tariff treatment. CBP may deny the claim for preferential tariff treatment if:

(i) The certification of origin is not submitted to CBP upon request as required pursuant to § 182.12(a);

(ii) The claim or certification of origin is invalid or based on inaccurate information and is not corrected within the required time period pursuant to § 182.11(c);

(iii) CBP determines that the importer, exporter, or producer failed to provide sufficient information to substantiate the claim;

(iv) CBP determines that the good does not qualify for preferential tariff treatment, including failing to meet the rules of origin requirements in General Note 11, HTSUS, and Appendix A to this part;

(v) The importer, exporter, or producer fails to respond to the request for information pursuant to § 182.73(f)(1) subject to the conditions in § 182.75(c)(1);

(vi) The importer, exporter, or producer fails to respond to the questionnaire pursuant to § 182.73(f)(1);

(vii) The exporter or producer fails to consent to a verification visit pursuant to § 182.74;

(viii) The importer, exporter, or producer fails to maintain records demonstrating that the good qualifies for preferential tariff treatment as required pursuant to this part;

(ix) The importer, exporter, or producer denies access, as requested by CBP, to records or documentation that are in its possession or required to be maintained pursuant to this part;

(x) The exporter or producer denies access to records or documentation that are in its possession or required to be maintained, or to facilities during a verification visit as required pursuant to this part;

(xi) CBP finds a pattern of conduct pursuant to § 182.76; or

(xii) CBP determines that any other reason to deny a claim for preferential tariff treatment as set forth in this part applies

(3) Intent to deny. Prior to issuing a negative determination, CBP will inform the importer, and the exporter or producer who is subject to the verification and either completed the certification of origin or provided information directly to CBP during the verification, of CBP's intent to deny preferential tariff treatment, subject to the confidentiality provisions in § 182.2. This intent to deny will contain the preliminary results of the verification, the effective date of the denial of preferential tariff treatment, and a notice to the importer, exporter, or producer that CBP will provide 30 days to submit additional information, including documents, related to the preferential tariff treatment of the good.

(4) Issuance of a negative determination of origin. CBP will issue a negative determination of origin to the parties specified in paragraph (b) of this section if CBP determines, at least 30 days after receipt by the importer, exporter, or producer of the intent to deny issued pursuant to paragraph (c)(3) of this section, that one or more of the reasons for denial of preferential tariff treatment under paragraph (c)(2) of this section continues to apply. In addition to the contents of the determination set forth in paragraph (a) of this section, unless CBP determines that there is a pattern of conduct of false or unsupported representations pursuant to § 182.76, a negative determination of origin will provide the exporter or producer with the information necessary to file a protest as provided for in 19 U.S.C. 1514(e) and part 174 of this chapter.

Where the verification reveals a pattern of conduct by the importer, exporter, or producer of false or unsupported representations relevant to a claim that a good imported into the United States qualifies for preferential tariff treatment under the USMCA, CBP may withhold preferential tariff treatment under the USMCA for entries of identical goods covered by subsequent statements, declarations, or certifications by that importer, exporter, or producer until CBP determines that representations of that person are in conformity with this part and with General Note 11, HTSUS.