(a) Each licensee shall afford to the Commission at all reasonable times opportunity to inspect category 1 or category 2 quantities of radioactive material and the premises and facilities wherein the nuclear material is used, produced, or stored.
(b) Each licensee shall make available to the Commission for inspection, upon reasonable notice, records kept by the licensee pertaining to its receipt, possession, use, acquisition, import, export, or transfer of category 1 or category 2 quantities of radioactive material.
(a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions of—
(1) The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended;
(2) Title II of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended; or
(3) A regulation or order issued pursuant to those Acts.
(b) The Commission may obtain a court order for the payment of a civil penalty imposed under section 234 of the Atomic Energy Act:
(1) For violations of—
(i) Sections 53, 57, 62, 63, 81, 82, 101, 103, 104, 107, or 109 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended:
(ii) Section 206 of the Energy Reorganization Act;
(iii) Any rule, regulation, or order issued pursuant to the sections specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section;
(iv) Any term, condition, or limitation of any license issued under the sections specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.
(2) For any violation for which a license may be revoked under Section 186 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
(a) Section 223 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, provides for criminal sanctions for willful violation of, attempted violation of, or conspiracy to violate, any regulation issued under sections 161b, 161i, or 161o of the Act. For purposes of section 223, all the regulations in this part 37 are issued under one or more of sections 161b, 161i, or 161o, except for the sections listed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(b) The regulations in this part 37 that are not issued under sections 161b, 161i, or 161o for the purposes of section 223 are as follows: §§ 37.1, 37.3, 37.5, 37.7, 37.9, 37.11, 37.13, 37.107, and 37.109.
Table 1—Category 1 and Category 2 Threshold
The terabecquerel (TBq) values are the regulatory standard. The curie (Ci) values specified are obtained by converting from the TBq value. The curie values are provided for practical usefulness only.
| Radioactive material
| Category 1
(TBq)
| Category 1
(Ci)
| Category 2
(TBq)
| Category 2
(Ci)
|
|---|
| Americium-241 | 60 | 1,620 | 0.6 | 16.2
|
| Americium-241/Be | 60 | 1,620 | 0.6 | 16.2
|
| Californium-252 | 20 | 540 | 0.2 | 5.40
|
| Cobalt-60 | 30 | 810 | 0.3 | 8.10
|
| Curium-244 | 50 | 1,350 | 0.5 | 13.5
|
| Cesium-137 | 100 | 2,700 | 1 | 27.0
|
| Gadolinium-153 | 1,000 | 27,000 | 10 | 270
|
| Iridium-192 | 80 | 2,160 | 0.8 | 21.6
|
| Plutonium-238 | 60 | 1,620 | 0.6 | 16.2
|
| Plutonium-239/Be | 60 | 1,620 | 0.6 | 16.2
|
| Promethium-147 | 40,000 | 1,080,000 | 400 | 10,800
|
| Radium-226 | 40 | 1,080 | 0.4 | 10.8
|
| Selenium-75 | 200 | 5,400 | 2 | 54.0
|
| Strontium-90 | 1,000 | 27,000 | 10 | 270
|
| Thulium-170 | 20,000 | 540,000 | 200 | 5,400
|
| Ytterbium-169 | 300 | 8,100 | 3 | 81.0 |
Calculations Concerning Multiple Sources or Multiple Radionuclides
The ”sum of fractions” methodology for evaluating combinations of multiple sources or multiple radionuclides is to be used in determining whether a location meets or exceeds the threshold and is thus subject to the requirements of this part.
I. If multiple sources of the same radionuclide and/or multiple radionuclides are aggregated at a location, the sum of the ratios of the total activity of each of the radionuclides must be determined to verify whether the activity at the location is less than the category 1 or category 2 thresholds of Table 1, as appropriate. If the calculated sum of the ratios, using the equation below, is greater than or equal to 1.0, then the applicable requirements of this part apply.
II. First determine the total activity for each radionuclide from Table 1. This is done by adding the activity of each individual source, material in any device, and any loose or bulk material that contains the radionuclide. Then use the equation below to calculate the sum of the ratios by inserting the total activity of the applicable radionuclides from Table 1 in the numerator of the equation and the corresponding threshold activity from Table 1 in the denominator of the equation. Calculations must be performed in metric values (i.e., TBq) and the numerator and denominator values must be in the same units.
R1 = total activity for radionuclide 1
R2 = total activity for radionuclide 2
RN = total activity for radionuclide n
AR1 = activity threshold for radionuclide 1
AR2 = activity threshold for radionuclide 2
ARN = activity threshold for radionuclide n
[78 FR 17007, Mar. 19, 2013, as amended at 86 FR 67842, Nov. 30, 2021]
authority: Atomic Energy Act of 1954, secs. 11, 53, 81, 103, 104, 147, 148, 149, 161, 182, 183, 223, 234, 274 (
42 U.S.C. 2014,
2073,
2111,
2133,
2134,
2167,
2168,
2169,
2201,
2232,
2233,
2273,
2282,
2021; Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, secs. 201, 202 (
42 U.S.C. 5841,
5842;
44 U.S.C. 3504 note
source: 78 FR 17007, Mar. 19, 2013, unless otherwise noted.
cite as: 10 CFR 37.107