49 USC 47110 - Allowable project costs

U.S Code last checked for updates: Apr 11, 2026

§ 47110.

Allowable project costs

(a)

General Authority.—

Except as provided in section 47111 of this title, the United States Government may pay or be obligated to pay, from amounts appropriated to carry out this subchapter, a cost incurred in carrying out a project under this subchapter only if the Secretary of Transportation decides the cost is allowable.

(b)

Allowable Cost Standards.—

A project cost is allowable—

(1)

(A)

if the cost necessarily is incurred in carrying out the project in compliance with the grant agreement made for the project under this subchapter, including any cost a sponsor incurs related to an audit the Secretary requires under section 47121(b) or (d) of this title and any cost of moving a Federal facility impeding the project if the rebuilt facility is of an equivalent size and type; or

(B)

if the cost is an incentive payment incurred in carrying out the project described in subparagraph (A) that is to be provided to a contractor upon early completion of a project, if—

(i)

such payment does not exceed the lesser of 5 percent of the initial construction contract amount or $1,000,000;

(ii)

the level of contractor’s control of, or access to, the worksite necessary to shorten the duration of the project does not negatively impact the operation of the airport;

(iii)

the contract specifies application of the incentive structure in the event of unforeseeable, non-weather delays beyond the control of the contractor;

(iv)

nothing in any agreement with the contractor prevents the airport operator from retaining responsibility for the safety, efficiency, and capacity of the airport during the execution of the grant agreement; and

(v)

the Secretary determines that the use of an incentive payment is likely to increase airport capacity or efficiency or result in cost savings as a result of shortening the project’s duration;

(2)

(A)

if the cost is incurred after the grant agreement is executed and is for airport development or airport planning carried out after the grant agreement is executed;

(B)

if the cost is incurred after June 1, 1989, by the airport operator (regardless of when the grant agreement is executed) as part of a Government-approved noise compatibility program (including project formulation costs) and is consistent with all applicable statutory and administrative requirements;

(C)

if the Government’s share is paid only with amounts apportioned under paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 47114(c) or section 47114(d)(3)(A) 1

 See References in Text note below.

and if the cost is incurred—

(i)

after September 30, 1996;

(ii)

before a grant agreement is executed for the project; and

(iii)

in accordance with an airport layout plan approved by the Secretary and with all statutory and administrative requirements that would have been applicable to the project if the project had been carried out after the grant agreement had been executed; or

(D)

if the cost is for airport development and is incurred before execution of the grant agreement, but in the same fiscal year as execution of the grant agreement, and if—

(i)

the cost was incurred before execution of the grant agreement because the airport has a shortened construction season due to climatic conditions in the vicinity of the airport;

(ii)

the cost is in accordance with an airport layout plan approved by the Secretary and with all statutory and administrative requirements that would have been applicable to the project if the project had been carried out after execution of the grant agreement, including submission of a complete grant application to the appropriate regional or district office of the Federal Aviation Administration;

(iii)

the sponsor notifies the Secretary before authorizing work to commence on the project;

(iv)

the sponsor has an alternative funding source available to fund the project; and

(v)

the sponsor’s decision to proceed with the project in advance of execution of the grant agreement does not affect the priority assigned to the project by the Secretary for the allocation of discretionary funds;

(3)

to the extent the cost is reasonable in amount;

(4)

if the cost is not incurred in a project for airport development or airport planning for which other Government assistance has been granted;

(5)

if the total costs allowed for the project are not more than the amount stated in the grant agreement as the maximum the Government will pay (except as provided in section 47108(b) of this title);

(6)

if the cost is for a project not described in section 47102(3) for acquiring for use at a commercial service airport vehicles and ground support equipment owned by an airport that include low-emission technology, but only to the extent of the incremental cost of equipping such vehicles or equipment with low-emission technology, as determined by the Secretary; and

(7)

if the cost is incurred on a measure to improve the efficiency of an airport building (such as a measure designed to meet one or more of the criteria for being considered a high-performance green building as set forth under section 401(13) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17061(13))) and—

(A)

the measure is for a project for airport development;

(B)

the measure is for an airport building that is otherwise eligible for construction assistance under this subchapter; and

(C)

if the measure results in an increase in initial project costs, the increase is justified by expected savings over the life cycle of the project.

(c)

Certain Prior Costs as Allowable Costs.—

The Secretary may decide that a project cost under subsection (b)(2)(A) of this section incurred before the date the grant agreement is executed is allowable if it is—

(1)

necessarily incurred in formulating or preparing for an airport development project, including costs incurred for field surveys, plans and specifications, property interests in land or airspace, utility relocation, work site preparation, and administration or other incidental items that would not have been incurred except for the project; or

(2)

necessarily and directly incurred in developing the work scope of an airport planning project.

(d)

Relocation of Airport-Owned Facilities.—

The Secretary may determine that the costs of relocating or replacing an airport-owned facility are allowable for an airport development project at an airport only if—

(1)

the Government’s share of such costs will be paid with funds apportioned to the airport sponsor under section 47114 or distributed from the small airport fund under section 47116;

(2)

the Secretary determines that the relocation or replacement is required due to a change in the Secretary’s design standards; and

(3)

the Secretary determines that the change is beyond the control of the airport sponsor.

(e)

Letters of Intent.—

(1)

The Secretary may issue a letter of intent to the sponsor stating an intention to obligate from future budget authority an amount, not more than the Government’s share of allowable project costs, for an airport development project (including costs of formulating the project) at a primary or reliever airport. The letter shall establish a schedule under which the Secretary will reimburse the sponsor for the Government’s share of allowable project costs, as amounts become available, if the sponsor, after the Secretary issues the letter, carries out the project without receiving amounts under this subchapter.

(2)

Paragraph (1) of this subsection applies to a project—

(A)

about which the sponsor notifies the Secretary, before the project begins, of the sponsor’s intent to carry out the project;

(B)

that will comply with all statutory and administrative requirements that would apply to the project if it were carried out with amounts made available under this subchapter; and

(C)

that meets the criteria of section 47115(d) and, if for a project at a medium hub airport or large hub airport, the Secretary decides will enhance system-wide airport capacity significantly.

(3)

A letter of intent issued under paragraph (1) of this subsection is not an obligation of the Government under section 1501 of title 31, and the letter is not deemed to be an administrative commitment for financing. An obligation or administrative commitment may be made only as amounts are provided in authorization and appropriation laws.

(4)

The total estimated amount of future Government obligations covered by all outstanding letters of intent under paragraph (1) of this subsection may not be more than the amount authorized to carry out section 48103 of this title, less an amount reasonably estimated by the Secretary to be needed for grants under section 48103 that are not covered by a letter.

(5)

Letters of intent.—

The Secretary may not require an eligible agency to impose a passenger facility charge under section 40117 in order to obtain a letter of intent under this section.

(6)

Limitation on statutory construction.—

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the obligation of amounts pursuant to a letter of intent under this subsection in the same fiscal year as the letter of intent is issued.

(7)

Partnership program airports.—

The Secretary may issue a letter of intent under this subsection to an airport sponsor with an approved application under section 47134(b) if—

(A)

the application was approved in fiscal year 2019; and

(B)

the project meets all other requirements set forth in this chapter.

(f)

Nonallowable Costs.—

Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section and section 47118(f) of this title, a cost is not an allowable airport development project cost if it is for—

(1)

constructing a public parking facility for passenger automobiles;

(2)

constructing, altering, or repairing part of an airport building, except to the extent the building will be used for facilities or activities directly related to the safety of individuals at the airport;

(3)

decorative landscaping; or

(4)

providing or installing sculpture or art works.

(g)

Use of Discretionary Funds.—

A project for which cost reimbursement is provided under subsection (b)(2)(C) shall not receive priority consideration with respect to the use of discretionary funds made available under section 47115 of this title even if the amounts made available under paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 47114(c) or section 47114(d)(3)(A) ¹ are not sufficient to cover the Government’s share of the cost of the project.

(h)

Nonprimary Airports.—

The Secretary may decide that the construction costs of revenue producing aeronautical support facilities are allowable for an airport development project at a nonprimary airport if the Government’s share of such costs is paid only with funds apportioned to the airport sponsor under section 47114(c)(1)(D) or section 47114(d)(2)(A) and if the Secretary determines that the sponsor has made adequate provision for financing airside needs of the airport.

(i)

Small Airport Letters of Intent.—

(1)

In general.—

The Secretary may issue a letter of intent to a sponsor stating an intention to obligate an amount from future budget authority for an airport development project (including costs of formulating the project) at a nonhub airport or an airport that is not a primary airport.

(2)

Contents.—

In the letter issued under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish a schedule under which the Secretary will reimburse the sponsor for the Government’s share of allowable project costs, as amounts become available, if the sponsor, after the Secretary issues the letter, carries out the project without receiving amounts under this subchapter.

(3)

Limitations.—

The amount the Secretary intends to obligate in a letter of intent issued under this subsection shall not exceed the larger of—

(A)

the Government’s share of allowable project costs; or

(B)

$10,000,000.

(4)

Financing.—

Allowable project costs under paragraphs (1) and (2) may include costs associated with making payments for debt service on indebtedness incurred to carry out the project.

(5)

Requirements.—

The Secretary shall issue a letter of intent under paragraph (1) only if—

(A)

the sponsor notifies the Secretary, before the project begins, of the intent of the sponsor to carry out the project and requests a letter of intent; and

(B)

the sponsor agrees to comply with all statutory and administrative requirements that would apply to the project if it were carried out with amounts made available under this subchapter.

(6)

Assessment.—

In reviewing a request for a letter of intent under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider the grant history of an airport, the enplanements or operations of an airport, and such other factors as the Secretary determines appropriate.

(7)

Prioritization.—

In issuing letters of intent under this subsection, the Secretary shall—

(A)

prioritize projects that—

(i)

cannot reasonably be funded by an airport sponsor using funds apportioned under section 47114(c), 47114(d)(2)(A), or 47114(d)(6), including funds apportioned under such sections in multiple fiscal years pursuant to section 47117(b)(1); and

(ii)

are necessary to the continued safe operation or development of an airport; and

(B)

structure the reimbursement schedules under such letters in a manner that minimizes unnecessary or undesirable project segmentation.

(8)

No obligation or commitment.—

(A)

In general.—

A letter of intent issued under this subsection is not an obligation of the Government under section 1501 of title 31, and the letter is not deemed to be an administrative commitment for financing.

(B)

Obligation or commitment.—

An obligation or administrative commitment may be made only as amounts are provided in authorization and appropriation Acts.

(9)

Limitation on statutory construction.—

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the obligation of amounts pursuant to a letter of intent under this subsection in the same fiscal year as the letter of intent is issued.

(j)

Pilot Program for Sound Insulation Repair and Replacements.—

(1)

In general.—

Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a pilot program at up to two large hub public-use airports for local airport operators that have established a local program to fund secondary noise insulation using nonaeronautical revenue that provides a one-time waiver of the requirement of subsection (b)(4) for a qualifying airport as applied to projects to carry out repair and replacement of sound insulation for a residential building for which the airport previously received Federal assistance or Federally authorized airport assistance under this subchapter if—

(A)

the Secretary determines that the additional assistance is justified due to the residence containing any sound insulation treatment or other type of sound proofing material previously installed under this subchapter that is determined to be eligible pursuant to paragraph (2);

(B)

the residence—

(i)

falls within the Day Night Level (DNL) of 65 to 75 decibel (dB) noise contours, according to the most recent noise exposure map (as such term is defined in section 150.7 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations) available as of the date of enactment of this subsection;

(ii)

fell within such noise contours at the time the initial sound insulation treatment was installed, but a qualified noise auditor has determined that—

(I)

such sound insulation treatment caused physical damage to the residence; or

(II)

the materials used for sound insulation treatment were of low quality and have deteriorated, broken, or otherwise no longer function as intended; and

(iii)

is shown through testing that current interior noise levels exceed DNL 45 dB, and the new insulation would have the ability to achieve a 5 dB noise reduction; and

(C)

the qualifying airport—

(i)

is a large hub airport (as defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code);

(ii)

is located in a dense residential area, with a minimum population of 200,000 residents within a 5-mile radius of the airport;

(iii)

has an established residential sound insulation program that has been operational for at least 30 years and began in the year 1985;

(iv)

is located in a metropolitan statistical area with a population of at least 4,000,000 people; and

(v)

has at least 22,000,000 enplanements annually.

(2)

Eligibility determination.—

To be eligible for waiver under this subsection for repair or replacement of sound insulation treatment projects, an applicant shall—

(A)

ensure that the applicant and the property owner have made a good faith effort to exhaust any amounts available through warranties, insurance coverage, and legal remedies for the sound insulation treatment previously installed on the eligible residence;

(B)

verify the sound insulation treatment for which Federal assistance was previously provided was installed prior to the year 2002; and

(C)

demonstrate that a qualified noise auditor, based on an inspection of the residence, determined that—

(i)

the sound insulation treatment for which Federal assistance was previously provided has resulted in structural deterioration that was not caused by failure of the property owner to repair or adequately maintain the residential building or through the negligence of the applicant or the property owner; and

(ii)

the condition of the sound insulation treatment described in subparagraph (A) is not attributed to actions taken by an owner or occupant of the residence.

(3)

Additional authority for surveys.—

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall consider a cost allowable under this subchapter for an airport to conduct periodic surveys of properties in which repair and replacement of sound insulation treatment was carried out as described in paragraph (1) and for which the airport previously received Federal assistance or Federally authorized airport assistance under this subchapter. The surveys shall be conducted only for those properties for which the airport has identified a property owner who is interested in having a survey be undertaken to assess the current effectiveness of the sound insulation treatment. Such surveys shall be carried out to identify any properties described in the preceding sentence that are eligible for funds under this subsection.

(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1264; Pub. L. 103–305, title I, § 115, Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1579; Pub. L. 103–429, § 6(64), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4385; Pub. L. 104–264, title I, § 144, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3222; Pub. L. 106–181, title I, § 127, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 76; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, § 119(a)(2), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 108–176, title I, §§ 145, 149(b), 159(c), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2504, 2505, 2511; Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title I, § 176(b), Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2427; Pub. L. 112–95, title I, §§ 111(c)(2)(A)(ii), 138, Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 18, 25; Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title I, § 184(b), title V, § 539(n), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3234, 3371; Pub. L. 117–186, § 2, Oct. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 2199; Pub. L. 118–63, title VII, §§ 709–710(b)(1), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1252, 1253; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXVIII, § 8801(b), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1969.)

cite as: 49 USC 47110