§ 4958.
(c)
Excess benefit transaction; excess benefit
For purposes of this section—
(1)
Excess benefit transaction
(2)
Special rules for donor advised funds
In the case of any donor advised fund (as defined in section 4966(d)(2))—
(A)
the term “excess benefit transaction” includes any grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment from such fund to a person described in subsection (f)(7) with respect to such fund, and
(B)
the term “excess benefit” includes, with respect to any transaction described in subparagraph (A), the amount of any such grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment.
(3)
Special rules for supporting organizations
(A)
In general
In the case of any organization described in section 509(a)(3)—
(i)
the term “excess benefit transaction” includes—
(I)
any grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment provided by such organization to a person described in subparagraph (B), and
(II)
any loan provided by such organization to a disqualified person (other than an organization described in subparagraph (C)(ii)), and
(ii)
the term “excess benefit” includes, with respect to any transaction described in clause (i), the amount of any such grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment.
(B)
Person described
A person is described in this subparagraph if such person is—
(i)
a substantial contributor to such organization,
(ii)
a member of the family (determined under section 4958(f)(4)) of an individual described in clause (i), or
(iii)
a 35-percent controlled entity (as defined in section 4958(f)(3) by substituting “persons described in clause (i) or (ii) of section 4958(c)(3)(B)” for “persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1)” in subparagraph (A)(i) thereof).
(C)
Substantial contributor
For purposes of this paragraph—
(ii)
Exception
Such term shall not include—
(I)
any organization described in paragraph (1), (2), or (4) of section 509(a), and
(II)
any organization which is treated as described in such paragraph (2) by reason of the last sentence of section 509(a) and which is a supported organization (as defined in section 509(f)(3)) of the organization to which subparagraph (A) applies.
(4)
Authority to include certain other private inurement
(e)
Applicable tax-exempt organization
For purposes of this subchapter, the term “applicable tax-exempt organization” means—
(1)
any organization which (without regard to any excess benefit) would be described in paragraph (3), (4), or (29) of section 501(c) and exempt from tax under section 501(a), and
(2)
any organization which was described in paragraph (1) at any time during the 5-year period ending on the date of the transaction.
Such term shall not include a private foundation (as defined in section 509(a)).
(f)
Other definitions
For purposes of this section—
(1)
Disqualified person
The term “disqualified person” means, with respect to any transaction—
(A)
any person who was, at any time during the 5-year period ending on the date of such transaction, in a position to exercise substantial influence over the affairs of the organization,
(B)
a member of the family of an individual described in subparagraph (A),
(C)
a 35-percent controlled entity,
(D)
any person who is described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) with respect to an organization described in section 509(a)(3) and organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perform the functions of, or to carry out the purposes of the applicable tax-exempt organization,
(E)
which involves a donor advised fund (as defined in section 4966(d)(2)), any person who is described in paragraph (7) with respect to such donor advised fund (as so defined), and
(F)
which involves a sponsoring organization (as defined in section 4966(d)(1)), any person who is described in paragraph (8) with respect to such sponsoring organization (as so defined).
(3)
35-percent controlled entity
(A)
In general
The term “35-percent controlled entity” means—
(i)
a corporation in which persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) own more than 35 percent of the total combined voting power,
(ii)
a partnership in which such persons own more than 35 percent of the profits interest, and
(iii)
a trust or estate in which such persons own more than 35 percent of the beneficial interest.
(B)
Constructive ownership rules
(5)
Taxable period
The term “taxable period” means, with respect to any excess benefit transaction, the period beginning with the date on which the transaction occurs and ending on the earliest of—
(A)
the date of mailing a notice of deficiency under section 6212 with respect to the tax imposed by subsection (a)(1), or
(B)
the date on which the tax imposed by subsection (a)(1) is assessed.
(7)
Donors and donor advisors
For purposes of paragraph (1)(E), a person is described in this paragraph if such person—
(A)
is described in section 4966(d)(2)(A)(iii),
(B)
is a member of the family of an individual described in subparagraph (A), or
(C)
is a 35-percent controlled entity (as defined in paragraph (3) by substituting “persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (7)” for “persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1)” in subparagraph (A)(i) thereof).
(8)
Investment advisors
For purposes of paragraph (1)(F)—
(A)
In general
A person is described in this paragraph if such person—
(i)
is an investment advisor,
(ii)
is a member of the family of an individual described in clause (i), or
(iii)
is a 35-percent controlled entity (as defined in paragraph (3) by substituting “persons described in clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (8)(A)” for “persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1)” in subparagraph (A)(i) thereof).
(B)
Investment advisor defined
(Added [Pub. L. 104–168, title XIII, § 1311(a)], July 30, 1996, [110 Stat. 1475]; amended [Pub. L. 109–280, title XII], §§ 1212(a)(3), 1232(a), (b), 1242(a), (b), Aug. 17, 2006, [120 Stat. 1074], 1098, 1099, 1104; [Pub. L. 110–172, § 3(i)], Dec. 29, 2007, [121 Stat. 2475]; [Pub. L. 111–148, title I, § 1322(h)(3)], Mar. 23, 2010, [124 Stat. 192]; [Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(224)], Mar. 23, 2018, [132 Stat. 1194].)