Citing Judicial Dispositions

U.S Code last checked for updates: May 01, 2025

Rule 32.1.

(a)

Citation Permitted.

A court may not prohibit or restrict the citation of federal judicial opinions, orders, judgments, or other written dispositions that have been:

(i)

designated as “unpublished,” “not for publication,” “non-precedential,” “not precedent,” or the like; and

(ii)

issued on or after January 1, 2007.

(b)

Copies Required.

If a party cites a federal judicial opinion, order, judgment, or other written disposition that is not available in a publicly accessible electronic database, the party must file and serve a copy of that opinion, order, judgment, or disposition with the brief or other paper in which it is cited.

(As added Apr. 12, 2006, eff. Dec. 1, 2006.)