§ 6295.
(g)
Standards for dishwashers; clothes washers; clothes dryers; fluorescent lamp ballasts
(1)
Dishwashers manufactured on or after January 1, 1988, shall be equipped with an option to dry without heat.
(2)
All rinse cycles of clothes washers shall include an unheated water option, but may have a heated water rinse option, for products manufactured on or after January 1, 1988.
(3)
Gas clothes dryers shall not be equipped with a constant burning pilot for products manufactured on or after January 1, 1988.
(4)
(A)
The Secretary shall publish final rules no later than January 1, 1990, to determine if the standards established under this subsection for products described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) should be amended. Such rules shall provide that any amendment shall apply to products the manufacture of which is completed on or after January 1, 1993.
(B)
After January 1, 1990, the Secretary shall publish a final rule no later than five years after the date of publication of the previous final rule. The Secretary shall determine in such rule whether to amend the standards in effect for such products.
(C)
Any such amendment shall apply to products manufactured after a date which is five years after—
(i)
the effective date of the previous amendment; or
(ii)
if the previous final rule did not amend the standard, the earliest date by which a previous amendment could have been in effect;
except that in no case may any amended standard apply to products manufactured within three years after publication of the final rule establishing such standard.
(5)
Except as provided in paragraph (6), each fluorescent lamp ballast—
(A)
(i)
manufactured on or after January 1, 1990;
(ii)
sold by the manufacturer on or after April 1, 1990; or
(iii)
incorporated into a luminaire by a luminaire manufacturer on or after April 1, 1991; and
(B)
designed—
(i)
to operate at nominal input voltages of 120 or 277 volts;
(ii)
to operate with an input current frequency of 60 Hertz; and
(iii)
for use in connection with an F40T12, F96T12, or F96T12HO lamps;
shall have a power factor of 0.90 or greater and shall have a ballast efficacy factor not less than the following:
Application for Operation of | Ballast Input Voltage | Total Nominal Lamp Watts | Ballast Efficacy Factor |
---|
one F40T12 lamp | 120 | 40 | 1.805 |
| 277 | 40 | 1.805 |
two F40T12 lamps | 120 | 80 | 1.060 |
| 277 | 80 | 1.050 |
two F96T12 lamps | 120 | 150 | 0.570 |
| 277 | 150 | 0.570 |
two F96T12HO lamps | 120 | 220 | 0.390 |
| 277 | 220 | 0.390 |
(6)
The standards described in paragraph (5) do not apply to (A) a ballast which is designed for dimming or for use in ambient temperatures of 0° F or less, or (B) a ballast which has a power factor of less than 0.90 and is designed and labeled for use only in residential building applications.
(7)
(A)
The Secretary shall publish a final rule no later than January 1, 1992, to determine if the standards established under paragraph (5) should be amended, including whether such standards should be amended so that they would be applicable to ballasts described in paragraph (6) and other fluorescent lamp ballasts. Such rule shall contain such amendment, if any, and provide that the amendment shall apply to products manufactured on or after January 1, 1995.
(B)
After January 1, 1992, the Secretary shall publish a final rule no later than five years after the date of publication of a previous final rule. The Secretary shall determine in such rule whether to amend the standards in effect for fluorescent lamp ballasts, including whether such standards should be amended so that they would be applicable to additional fluorescent lamp ballasts.
(C)
Any amendment prescribed under subparagraph (B) shall apply to products manufactured after a date which is five years after—
(i)
the effective date of the previous amendment; or
(ii)
if the previous final rule did not amend the standards, the earliest date by which a previous amendment could have been effective;
except that in no case may any amended standard apply to products manufactured within three years after publication of the final rule establishing such amended standard.
(8)
(A)
Each fluorescent lamp ballast (other than replacement ballasts or ballasts described in subparagraph (C))—
(i)
(I)
manufactured on or after July 1, 2009;
(II)
sold by the manufacturer on or after October 1, 2009; or
(III)
incorporated into a luminaire by a luminaire manufacturer on or after July 1, 2010; and
(ii)
designed—
(I)
to operate at nominal input voltages of 120 or 277 volts;
(II)
to operate with an input current frequency of 60 Hertz; and
(III)
for use in connection with F34T12 lamps, F96T12/ES lamps, or F96T12HO/ES lamps;
shall have a power factor of 0.90 or greater and shall have a ballast efficacy factor of not less than the following:
Application for operation of | Ballast input voltage | Total nominal lamp watts | Ballast efficacy factor |
---|
One F34T12 lamp | 120/277 | 34 | 2.61 |
Two F34T12 lamps | 120/277 | 68 | 1.35 |
Two F96T12/ES lamps | 120/277 | 120 | 0.77 |
Two F96T12HO/ES lamps | 120/277 | 190 | 0.42. |
(B)
The standards described in subparagraph (A) shall apply to all ballasts covered by subparagraph (A)(ii) that are manufactured on or after July 1, 2010, or sold by the manufacturer on or after October 1, 2010.
(C)
The standards described in subparagraph (A) do not apply to—
(i)
a ballast that is designed for dimming to 50 percent or less of the maximum output of the ballast;
(ii)
a ballast that is designed for use with 2 F96T12HO lamps at ambient temperatures of negative 20°F or less and for use in an outdoor sign; or
(iii)
a ballast that has a power factor of less than 0.90 and is designed and labeled for use only in residential applications.
(9)
Residential clothes washers manufactured on or after january 1, 2011.—
(A)
In general.—
A top-loading or front-loading standard-size residential clothes washer manufactured on or after January 1, 2011, shall have—
(i)
a Modified Energy Factor of at least 1.26; and
(ii)
a water factor of not more than 9.5.
(B)
Amendment of standards.—
(i)
In general.—
Not later than December 31, 2011, the Secretary shall publish a final rule determining whether to amend the standards in effect for clothes washers manufactured on or after January 1, 2015.
(ii)
Amended standards.—
The final rule shall contain any amended standards.
(10)
Residential dishwashers manufactured on or after january 1, 2010.—
(A)
In general.—
A dishwasher manufactured on or after January 1, 2010, shall—
(i)
for a standard size dishwasher not exceed 355 kWh/year and 6.5 gallons per cycle; and
(ii)
for a compact size dishwasher not exceed 260 kWh/year and 4.5 gallons per cycle.
(B)
Amendment of standards.—
(i)
In general.—
Not later than January 1, 2015, the Secretary shall publish a final rule determining whether to amend the standards for dishwashers manufactured on or after January 1, 2018.
(ii)
Amended standards.—
The final rule shall contain any amended standards.
(i)
General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, intermediate base incandescent lamps, candelabra base incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector lamps
(1)
Standards.—
(A)
Definition of effective date.—
In this paragraph (other than subparagraph (D)), the term “effective date” means, with respect to each type of lamp specified in a table contained in subparagraph (B), the last day of the period of months corresponding to that type of lamp (as specified in the table) that follows October 24, 1992.
(B)
Minimum standards.—
Each of the following general service fluorescent lamps and incandescent reflector lamps manufactured after the effective date specified in the tables contained in this paragraph shall meet or exceed the following lamp efficacy and CRI standards:
(C)
Exemptions.—
The standards specified in subparagraph (B) shall not apply to the following types of incandescent reflector lamps:
(i)
Lamps rated at 50 watts or less that are ER30, BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps.
(ii)
Lamps rated at 65 watts that are BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps.
(iii)
R20 incandescent reflector lamps rated 45 watts or less.
(D)
Effective dates.—
(i)
ER, br, and bpar lamps.—
The standards specified in subparagraph (B) shall apply with respect to ER incandescent reflector lamps, BR incandescent reflector lamps, BPAR incandescent reflector lamps, and similar bulb shapes on and after January 1, 2008.
(ii)
Lamps between 2.25–2.75 inches in diameter.—
The standards specified in subparagraph (B) shall apply with respect to incandescent reflector lamps with a diameter of more than 2.25 inches, but not more than 2.75 inches, on and after the later of January 1, 2008, or the date that is 180 days after December 19, 2007.
(3)
Not less than 36 months after October 24, 1992, the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking procedure and shall publish a final rule not later than the end of the 54-month period beginning on October 24, 1992, to determine if the standards established under paragraph (1) should be amended. Such rule shall contain such amendment, if any, and provide that the amendment shall apply to products manufactured on or after the 36-month period beginning on the date such final rule is published.
(4)
Not less than eight years after October 24, 1992, the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking procedure and shall publish a final rule not later than nine years and six months after October 24, 1992, to determine if the standards in effect for fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps should be amended. Such rule shall contain such amendment, if any, and provide that the amendment shall apply to products manufactured on or after the 36-month period beginning on the date such final rule is published.
(5)
Not later than the end of the 24-month period beginning on the date labeling requirements under section 6294(a)(2)(C)
2
See References in Text note below.
of this title become effective, the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking procedure to determine if the standards in effect for fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps should be amended so that they would be applicable to additional general service fluorescent
3
So in original. The word “lamps” probably should appear after “fluorescent”.
and shall publish, not later than 18 months after initiating such rulemaking, a final rule including such amended standards, if any. Such rule shall provide that the amendment shall apply to products manufactured after a date which is 36 months after the date such rule is published.
(6)
Standards for general service lamps.—
(A)
Rulemaking before january 1, 2014.—
(i)
In general.—
Not later than January 1, 2014, the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking procedure to determine whether—
(I)
standards in effect for general service lamps should be amended to establish more stringent standards than the standards specified in paragraph (1)(A); and
(II)
the exemptions for certain incandescent lamps should be maintained or discontinued based, in part, on exempted lamp sales collected by the Secretary from manufacturers.
(ii)
Scope.—
The rulemaking—
(I)
shall not be limited to incandescent lamp technologies; and
(II)
shall include consideration of a minimum standard of 45 lumens per watt for general service lamps.
(iii)
Amended standards.—
If the Secretary determines that the standards in effect for general service incandescent lamps should be amended, the Secretary shall publish a final rule not later than January 1, 2017, with an effective date that is not earlier than 3 years after the date on which the final rule is published.
(iv)
Phased-in effective dates.—
The Secretary shall consider phased-in effective dates under this subparagraph after considering—
(I)
the impact of any amendment on manufacturers, retiring and repurposing existing equipment, stranded investments, labor contracts, workers, and raw materials; and
(II)
the time needed to work with retailers and lighting designers to revise sales and marketing strategies.
(v)
Backstop requirement.—
If the Secretary fails to complete a rulemaking in accordance with clauses (i) through (iv) or if the final rule does not produce savings that are greater than or equal to the savings from a minimum efficacy standard of 45 lumens per watt, effective beginning January 1, 2020, the Secretary shall prohibit the sale of any general service lamp that does not meet a minimum efficacy standard of 45 lumens per watt.
(vi)
State preemption.—
Neither
section 6297(b) of this title nor any other provision of law shall preclude California or Nevada from adopting, effective beginning on or after
January 1, 2018—
(I)
a final rule adopted by the Secretary in accordance with clauses (i) through (iv);
(II)
if a final rule described in subclause (I) has not been adopted, the backstop requirement under clause (v); or
(III)
in the case of California, if a final rule described in subclause (I) has not been adopted, any California regulations relating to these covered products adopted pursuant to State statute in effect as of December 19, 2007.
(B)
Rulemaking before january 1, 2020.—
(i)
In general.—
Not later than January 1, 2020, the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking procedure to determine whether—
(I)
standards in effect for general service incandescent lamps should be amended to reflect lumen ranges with more stringent maximum wattage than the standards specified in paragraph (1)(A); and
(II)
the exemptions for certain incandescent lamps should be maintained or discontinued based, in part, on exempted lamp sales data collected by the Secretary from manufacturers.
(ii)
Scope.—
The rulemaking shall not be limited to incandescent lamp technologies.
(iii)
Amended standards.—
If the Secretary determines that the standards in effect for general service incandescent lamps should be amended, the Secretary shall publish a final rule not later than January 1, 2022, with an effective date that is not earlier than 3 years after the date on which the final rule is published.
(iv)
Phased-in effective dates.—
The Secretary shall consider phased-in effective dates under this subparagraph after considering—
(I)
the impact of any amendment on manufacturers, retiring and repurposing existing equipment, stranded investments, labor contracts, workers, and raw materials; and
(II)
the time needed to work with retailers and lighting designers to revise sales and marketing strategies.
(7)
(A)
With respect to any lamp to which standards are applicable under this subsection or any lamp specified in
section 6317 of this title, the Secretary shall inform any Federal entity proposing actions which would adversely impact the energy consumption or energy efficiency of such lamp of the energy conservation consequences of such action. It shall be the responsibility of such Federal entity to carefully consider the Secretary’s comments.
(B)
Notwithstanding subsection (n)(1), the Secretary shall not be prohibited from amending any standard, by rule, to permit increased energy use or to decrease the minimum required energy efficiency of any lamp to which standards are applicable under this subsection if such action is warranted as a result of other Federal action (including restrictions on materials or processes) which would have the effect of either increasing the energy use or decreasing the energy efficiency of such product.
(8)
Not later than the date on which standards established pursuant to this subsection become effective, or, with respect to high-intensity discharge lamps covered under
section 6317 of this title, the effective date of standards established pursuant to such section, each manufacturer of a product to which such standards are applicable shall file with the Secretary a laboratory report certifying compliance with the applicable standard for each lamp type. Such report shall include the lumen output and wattage consumption for each lamp type as an average of measurements taken over the preceding 12-month period. With respect to lamp types which are not manufactured during the 12-month period preceding the date such standards become effective, such report shall be filed with the Secretary not later than the date which is 12 months after the date manufacturing is commenced and shall include the lumen output and wattage consumption for each such lamp type as an average of measurements taken during such 12-month period.
(o)
Criteria for prescribing new or amended standards
(1)
The Secretary may not prescribe any amended standard which increases the maximum allowable energy use, or, in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, or urinals, water use, or decreases the minimum required energy efficiency, of a covered product.
(2)
(A)
Any new or amended energy conservation standard prescribed by the Secretary under this section for any type (or class) of covered product shall be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency, or, in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, or urinals, water efficiency, which the Secretary determines is technologically feasible and economically justified.
(B)
(i)
In determining whether a standard is economically justified, the Secretary shall, after receiving views and comments furnished with respect to the proposed standard, determine whether the benefits of the standard exceed its burdens by, to the greatest extent practicable, considering—
(I)
the economic impact of the standard on the manufacturers and on the consumers of the products subject to such standard;
(II)
the savings in operating costs throughout the estimated average life of the covered product in the type (or class) compared to any increase in the price of, or in the initial charges for, or maintenance expenses of, the covered products which are likely to result from the imposition of the standard;
(III)
the total projected amount of energy, or as applicable, water, savings likely to result directly from the imposition of the standard;
(IV)
any lessening of the utility or the performance of the covered products likely to result from the imposition of the standard;
(V)
the impact of any lessening of competition, as determined in writing by the Attorney General, that is likely to result from the imposition of the standard;
(VI)
the need for national energy and water conservation; and
(VII)
other factors the Secretary considers relevant.
(ii)
For purposes of clause (i)(V), the Attorney General shall make a determination of the impact, if any, of any lessening of competition likely to result from such standard and shall transmit such determination, not later than 60 days after the publication of a proposed rule prescribing or amending an energy conservation standard, in writing to the Secretary, together with an analysis of the nature and extent of such impact. Any such determination and analysis shall be published by the Secretary in the Federal Register.
(iii)
If the Secretary finds that the additional cost to the consumer of purchasing a product complying with an energy conservation standard level will be less than three times the value of the energy, and as applicable, water, savings during the first year that the consumer will receive as a result of the standard, as calculated under the applicable test procedure, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that such standard level is economically justified. A determination by the Secretary that such criterion is not met shall not be taken into consideration in the Secretary’s determination of whether a standard is economically justified.
(3)
The Secretary may not prescribe an amended or new standard under this section for a type (or class) of covered product if—
(A)
for products other than dishwashers, clothes washers, clothes dryers, and kitchen ranges and ovens, a test procedure has not been prescribed pursuant to
section 6293 of this title with respect to that type (or class) of product; or
(B)
the Secretary determines, by rule, that the establishment of such standard will not result in significant conservation of energy or, in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, or urinals, water, or that the establishment of such standard is not technologically feasible or economically justified.
For purposes of
section 6297 of this title, a determination under subparagraph (B) with respect to any type (or class) of covered products shall have the same effect as would a standard prescribed for such type (or class).
(4)
The Secretary may not prescribe an amended or new standard under this section if the Secretary finds (and publishes such finding) that interested persons have established by a preponderance of the evidence that the standard is likely to result in the unavailability in the United States in any covered product type (or class) of performance characteristics (including reliability), features, sizes, capacities, and volumes that are substantially the same as those generally available in the United States at the time of the Secretary’s finding. The failure of some types (or classes) to meet this criterion shall not affect the Secretary’s determination of whether to prescribe a standard for other types (or classes).
(5)
The Secretary may set more than 1 energy conservation standard for products that serve more than 1 major function by setting 1 energy conservation standard for each major function.
(6)
Regional standards for furnaces, central air conditioners, and heat pumps.—
(A)
In general.—
In any rulemaking to establish a new or amended standard, the Secretary may consider the establishment of separate standards by geographic region for furnaces (except boilers), central air conditioners, and heat pumps.
(B)
National and regional standards.—
(i)
National standard.—
If the Secretary establishes a regional standard for a product, the Secretary shall establish a base national standard for the product.
(ii)
Regional standards.—
If the Secretary establishes a regional standard for a product, the Secretary may establish more restrictive standards for the product by geographic region as follows:
(I)
For furnaces, the Secretary may establish 1 additional standard that is applicable in a geographic region defined by the Secretary.
(II)
For any cooling product, the Secretary may establish 1 or 2 additional standards that are applicable in 1 or 2 geographic regions as may be defined by the Secretary.
(C)
Boundaries of geographic regions.—
(i)
In general.—
Subject to clause (ii), the boundaries of additional geographic regions established by the Secretary under this paragraph shall include only contiguous States.
(ii)
Alaska and hawaii.—
The States of Alaska and Hawaii may be included under this paragraph in a geographic region that the States are not contiguous to.
(iii)
Individual states.—
Individual States shall be placed only into a single region under this paragraph.
(D)
Prerequisites.—
In establishing additional regional standards under this paragraph, the Secretary shall—
(i)
establish additional regional standards only if the Secretary determines that—
(I)
the establishment of additional regional standards will produce significant energy savings in comparison to establishing only a single national standard; and
(II)
the additional regional standards are economically justified under this paragraph; and
(ii)
consider the impact of the additional regional standards on consumers, manufacturers, and other market participants, including product distributors, dealers, contractors, and installers.
(E)
Application; effective date.—
(i)
Base national standard.—
Any base national standard established for a product under this paragraph shall—
(I)
be the minimum standard for the product; and
(II)
apply to all products manufactured or imported into the United States on and after the effective date for the standard.
(ii)
Regional standards.—
Any additional and more restrictive regional standard established for a product under this paragraph shall apply to any such product installed on or after the effective date of the standard in States in which the Secretary has designated the standard to apply.
(F)
Continuation of regional standards.—
(i)
In general.—
In any subsequent rulemaking for any product for which a regional standard has been previously established, the Secretary shall determine whether to continue the establishment of separate regional standards for the product.
(ii)
Regional standard no longer appropriate.—
Except as provided in clause (iii), if the Secretary determines that regional standards are no longer appropriate for a product, beginning on the effective date of the amended standard for the product—
(I)
there shall be 1 base national standard for the product with Federal enforcement; and
(II)
State authority for enforcing a regional standard for the product shall terminate.
(iii)
Regional standard appropriate but standard or region changed.—
(I)
State no longer contained in region.—
Subject to subclause (III), if a State is no longer contained in a region in which a regional standard that is more stringent than the base national standard applies, the authority of the State to enforce the regional standard shall terminate.
(II)
Standard or region revised so that existing regional standard equals base national standard.—
If the Secretary revises a base national standard for a product or the geographic definition of a region so that an existing regional standard for a State is equal to the revised base national standard—
(aa)
the authority of the State to enforce the regional standard shall terminate on the effective date of the revised base national standard; and
(bb)
the State shall be subject to the revised base national standard.
(III)
Standard or region revised so that existing regional standard equals base national standard.—
If the Secretary revises a base national standard for a product or the geographic definition of a region so that the standard for a State is lower than the previously approved regional standard, the State may continue to enforce the previously approved standard level.
(iv)
Waiver of federal preemption.—
Nothing in this paragraph diminishes the authority of a State to enforce a State regulation for which a waiver of Federal preemption has been granted under
section 6297(d) of this title.
(G)
Enforcement.—
(i)
Base national standard.—
(I)
In general.—
The Secretary shall enforce any base national standard.
(II)
Trade association certification programs.—
In enforcing the base national standard, the Secretary shall use, to the maximum extent practicable, national standard nationally recognized certification programs of trade associations.
(ii)
Regional standards.—
(I)
Enforcement plan.—
Not later than 90 days after the date of the issuance of a final rule that establishes a regional standard, the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking to develop and implement an effective enforcement plan for regional standards for the products that are covered by the final rule.
(II)
Responsible entities.—
Any rules regarding enforcement of a regional standard shall clearly specify which entities are legally responsible for compliance with the standards and for making any required information or labeling disclosures.
(III)
Final rule.—
Not later than 15 months after the date of the issuance of a final rule that establishes a regional standard for a product, the Secretary shall promulgate a final rule covering enforcement of regional standards for the product.
(IV)
Incorporation by states and localities.—
A State or locality may incorporate any Federal regional standard into State or local building codes or State appliance standards.
(V)
State enforcement.—
A State agency may seek enforcement of a Federal regional standard in a Federal court of competent jurisdiction.
(H)
Information disclosure.—
(i)
In general.—
Not later than 90 days after the date of the publication of a final rule that establishes a regional standard for a product, the Federal Trade Commission shall undertake a rulemaking to determine the appropriate 1 or more methods for disclosing information so that consumers, distributors, contractors, and installers can easily determine whether a specific piece of equipment that is installed in a specific building is in conformance with the regional standard that applies to the building.
(ii)
Methods.—
A method of disclosing information under clause (i) may include—
(I)
modifications to the Energy Guide label; or
(II)
other methods that make it easy for consumers and installers to use and understand at the point of installation.
(iii)
Completion of rulemaking.—
The rulemaking shall be completed not later 15 months after the date of the publication of a final rule that establishes a regional standard for a product.
([Pub. L. 94–163, title III, § 325], Dec. 22, 1975, [89 Stat. 923]; [Pub. L. 94–385, title I, § 161], Aug. 14, 1976, [90 Stat. 1140]; [Pub. L. 95–619, title IV, § 422], Nov. 9, 1978, [92 Stat. 3259]; [Pub. L. 100–12, § 5], Mar. 17, 1987, [101 Stat. 107]; [Pub. L. 100–357, § 2(e)], June 28, 1988, [102 Stat. 673]; [Pub. L. 102–486, title I, § 123(f)], Oct. 24, 1992, [106 Stat. 2824]; [Pub. L. 105–388, § 5(a)(5)], Nov. 13, 1998, [112 Stat. 3478]; [Pub. L. 109–58, title I, § 135(c)], Aug. 8, 2005, [119 Stat. 628]; [Pub. L. 110–140, title III], §§ 301(c), 303–305(a), 306(a), 307, 308(a), 309–311(a), 316(c)(2), (d), 321(a)(3), 322(b), 324(e), Dec. 19, 2007, [121 Stat. 1550], 1552, 1553, 1556, 1559–1561, 1563, 1573, 1577, 1588, 1593; [Pub. L. 111–360, § 1], Jan. 4, 2011, [124 Stat. 4051]; [Pub. L. 112–210], §§ 3, 5(a), (c), 10(a)(1), (8), (11), (b)(1), Dec. 18, 2012, [126 Stat. 1514], 1517, 1519, 1522, 1524, 1525; [Pub. L. 113–263, § 2], Dec. 18, 2014, [128 Stat. 2937]; [Pub. L. 114–11, title II, § 201(1)], Apr. 30, 2015, [129 Stat. 186]; [Pub. L. 115–78, § 2], Nov. 2, 2017, [131 Stat. 1256]; [Pub. L. 115–115, § 2(c)(3)], Jan. 12, 2018, [131 Stat. 2281]; [Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title I, § 1008(a)], Dec. 27, 2020, [134 Stat. 2437].)