Editorial Notes
References in Text

Executive Order No. 12344, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is set out as a note under section 6102 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Section 1634 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1985 (Public Law 98–525), referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was formerly set out as a note under section 7158 of this title, was renumbered section 4101 of Pub. L. 107–314 by Pub. L 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, § 3141(d)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1757, and classified to section 2511 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and was repealed and restated as section 6102 of Title 10, Armed Forces, by Pub. L. 119–60, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(a), (b)(1), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1340, 1458.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Promulgation of Initial Regulations

Pub. L. 107–314, div. C, title XXXI, § 3173(b), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2745, provided that:

“(1)
Deadline for promulgating regulations.—
The Secretary of Energy shall promulgate the regulations required by subsection a. of section 234C of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U.S.C. 2282c(a)] (as added by subsection (a)) not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 2, 2002].
“(2)
Effective date.—
The regulations promulgated under paragraph (1) shall take effect on the date that is one year after the promulgation date of the regulations.”

Prohibition

Pub. L. 107–314, div. C, title XXXI, § 3173(c), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2745, provided that: “The Secretary of Energy shall not participate in or otherwise support any study or other project relating to a modification in the scope of the regulations enforceable by civil penalties under section 234A or 234C of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U.S.C. 2282a, 2282c], or the responsibility of the Secretary to implement and enforce such regulations, until after the date on which the regulations for such purposes under such section 234C take effect in accordance with subsection (b) [set out as a note above].”