The section catchline and text of subsec. (a) of section 2364 of this title, which were transferred to this section by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1841(d)(1), were based on Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title II, § 234(c)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3848; Pub. L. 100–26, § 3(1)(A), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, § 1231(10)(B), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title II, § 214(a)(1), (3), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 767, 768; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, § 1081(a)(34), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1596.

2023—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118–31 substituted “section 4125(b) of this title” for “section 4142(b) of this title”.

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1841(d)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, § 1701(u)(2)(E), transferred section catchline and subsec. (a) of section 2364 of this title to this section.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1841(d)(2), added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and note below.

Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title II, § 222, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1682, which authorized activities to prioritize innovative collaboration between Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratories, industry, and academia and provided for an open campus program for such laboratories, was repealed by Pub. L. 119–60, div. A, title VIII, § 811(b)(5)(A), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 948.